Kewenangan Absolut Pengadilan Agama Bima dalam Bidang Hukum Ekonomi Syariah

“Kewenangan Absolut Pengadilan Agama Bima dalam bidang Hukum Ekonomi Syariah”
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kewenangan absolut Pengadilan Agama Bima dalam penyelesaian sengketa hukum ekonomi syariah serta menilai efektivitas implementasinya dalam praktik peradilan. Secara normatif, kewenangan Pengadilan Agama dalam bidang ekonomi syariah telah ditegaskan melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2006 dan diperkuat oleh Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 93/PUU-X/2012 yang menempatkan Pengadilan Agama sebagai forum eksklusif penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi syariah. Namun demikian, realitas empiris menunjukkan bahwa hingga penelitian ini dilakukan belum terdapat perkara sengketa ekonomi syariah yang diperiksa di Pengadilan Agama Bima. Kondisi ini menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai implementasi dan efektivitas kewenangan absolut tersebut.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan empiris. Data normatif diperoleh melalui studi peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan pengadilan, dan literatur hukum ekonomi syariah. Sementara data empiris dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan hakim, panitera, dan praktisi hukum serta analisis dokumen administrasi perkara di Pengadilan Agama Bima. Analisis data menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman dengan kerangka teori kompetensi absolut, hukum ekonomi syariah, dan efektivitas hukum Lawrence M. Friedman.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara normatif kewenangan absolut Pengadilan Agama telah memiliki dasar hukum yang kuat, namun implementasinya belum berjalan efektif. Ketiadaan perkara dipengaruhi oleh faktor struktural, substansial, dan kultural, antara lain keterbatasan kompetensi teknis aparat, disharmoni regulasi, rendahnya literasi hukum ekonomi syariah, serta budaya masyarakat yang cenderung menyelesaikan sengketa di luar Pengadilan Agama. Temuan ini menegaskan adanya kesenjangan antara law in the books dan law in action dalam pelaksanaan kewenangan absolut tersebut.

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“The Absolute Authority of the Bima Religious Court in the Field of Sharia Economic Law”
This study aims to analyze the absolute authority of the Bima Religious Court in resolving sharia economic law disputes and assess the effectiveness of its implementation in judicial practice. Normatively, the authority of the Religious Court in the field of Islamic economics has been confirmed through Law Number 3 of 2006 and reinforced by Constitutional Court Decision Number 93/PUU-X/2012, which places the Religious Court as the exclusive forum for resolving Islamic economic disputes. However, empirical reality shows that, until this research was conducted, there had been no Islamic economic dispute cases examined by the Bima Religious Court. This condition raises questions about the implementation and effectiveness of this absolute authority.
This study used a qualitative method with a normative and empirical juridical approach. Normative data was obtained through the study of legislation, court decisions, and Islamic economic law literature. Meanwhile, empirical data was collected through interviews with judges, court clerks, and legal practitioners, as well as analysis of case administration documents at the Bima Religious Court. Data analysis used Miles and Huberman’s interactive model with a theoretical framework of absolute competence, Islamic economic law, and Lawrence M. Friedman’s legal effectiveness.
The results of the study show that, normatively, the absolute authority of the Religious Court has a strong legal basis, but its implementation has not been effective. The absence of cases is influenced by structural, substantial, and cultural factors, including the limited technical competence of officials, regulatory disharmony, low literacy of Islamic economic law, and a culture that tends to resolve disputes outside the Religious Court. These findings confirm the gap between law in the books and law in action in the implementation of absolute authority.