Standardisasi Simplisia dan Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Kayu Pule (Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.) sebagai Bahan Baku Obat Herbal Terstandar

Obat herbal terstandar (OHT) adalah sediaan alami yang terbukti aman dan berkhasiat secara ilmiah melalui uji praklinik, dengan bahan baku yang telah distandarisasi (Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2023). Tanaman pulai (Alstonia scholaris) merupakan salah satu kandidat OHT, dengan bagian getah, kayu, kulit kayu, dan daun yang berpotensi sebagai obat herbal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menstandarisasi simplisia dan ekstrak kulit kayu pulai agar memenuhi syarat sebagai bahan baku OHT sesuai regulasi yang berlaku. Studi eksperimental laboratorium ini menetapkan parameter spesifik dan non-spesifik. Hasil parameter spesifik simplisia menunjukkan kulit kayu pulai berwarna cokelat keabu-abuan, rapuh, permukaan tidak rata, serta mengandung amilum dan kristal kalsium oksalat. Kadar sari larut air (14,53 ± 0,28%) dan kadar sari larut etanol (9,40 ± 0,48%) memenuhi persyaratan FHI (2017). Parameter non-spesifik simplisia, susut pengeringan kulit kayu pulai (rata-rata 2,8033%), kadar abu total (rata-rata 1,0528%), kadar abu tidak larut asam (rata-rata 1,0365%) memenuhi persyaratan FHI (2017).Pada ekstrak kulit kayu pulai, kadar alkaloid rata-rata 2,62%. Kadar air ekstrak adalah 2,8033%, kadar abu total 2,9%, dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,02%. Hasil uji cemaran mikroba menunjukkan angka lempeng total 50 cfu/g, angka kapang khamir 0, Escherichia coli kurang dari 3, Salmonella negatif, dan Enterobacteriaceae kurang dari 10. Ketika melakukan penelitian selanjutnya ambil sampel dari berbagai daerah agar dapat membandingkan dari daerah mana tanaman yang lebih baik.

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Standardized Herbal Medicine (OHT) refers to natural preparations scientifically proven to be safe and efficacious through preclinical trials, utilizing standardized raw materials (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2023). Pulai plant (Alstonia scholaris) is a candidate for OHT, with its latex, wood, bark, and leaves exhibiting potential as herbal remedies. This research aims to standardize pulai bark simplicia and extract to meet the requirements for OHT raw materials in accordance with applicable regulations. This laboratory experimental study established specific and non-specific parameters. Specific parameters for the simplicia revealed pulai bark to be grayish-brown, brittle, with an uneven surface, and containing starch and calcium oxalate crystals. Water-soluble extractive content (average 4.4051%) and ethanol-soluble extractive content (average 4.1864%) did not meet the requirements of FHI (2017). Non-specific simplicia parameters, including loss on drying (average 2.8033%) and total ash content (average 1.0528%), met FHI (2017) requirements. However, data for acid-insoluble ash content were not obtained due to vacuumed desiccator. For pulai bark extract, the alkaloid content averaged 2.62%. The moisture content of the extract was 2.8033%, total ash content 2.9%, and acid-insoluble ash content 0.02%. Microbial contamination tests showed a total plate count of 50 cfu/g, yeast and mold count of 0, Escherichia coli less than 3, Salmonella negative, and Enterobacteriaceae less than 10.when conducting further research take samples from various regions so that ypu can compare which region has the best plants.