Profil Penggunaan Analgesik Non-Opioid pada Pasien Bedah Minor (Penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Tlanakan Pamekasan)

Bedah minor merupakan prosedur pembedahan dengan resiko komplikasi rendah, bersifat ringan, umumnya menggunakan anastesi lokal dan tidak memerlukan rawat inap. Meskipun demikian, prosedur ini tetap dapat menimbulkan nyeri pascaoperasi yang memerlukan penatalaksanaan optimal. Prinsip tatalaksana nyeri mengikuti WHO Three-Step Ladder, dengan analgesik non opioid seperti NSAID dan paracetamol yang direkomendasikan untuk nyeri ringan hingga sedang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan profil penggunaan analgesik non opioid pada pasien bedah minor di Puskesmas Tlanakan Pamekasan periode 2018–2024. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif retrospektif kuantitatif dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data diambil dari rekam medis pasien di Instalasi Gawat Darurat Puskesmas Tlanakan Pamekasan selama Januari–April 2025. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 335 pasien bedah minor, 182 memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Usia pasien 3–74 tahun, dengan mayoritas kelompok dewasa (60%). Diagnosis terbanyak adalah abses (31%), diikuti ekstraksi kuku (23%), clavus (17%), sirkumsisi (14%), lipoma (13%), dan veruka vulgaris (3%). Analgesik non opioid yang digunakan meliputi asam mefenamat (69%), natrium diklofenak (14%), paracetamol (13%), dan ibuprofen (4%), dengan pemberian per oral 2–3 kali sehari, kurang dari 1 jam pascatindakan, selama rata-rata 3 hari. Sebanyak 57% pasien mengalami nyeri ringan pascatindakan, 37% nyeri sedang, dan 6% tanpa nyeri. Penurunan nyeri sebesar 2 skala dilaporkan oleh 60% pasien yang kontrol. Kesimpulannya, analgesik non opioid, terutama asam mefenamat, efektif digunakan untuk nyeri ringan hingga sedang pasca bedah minor di layanan primer, dengan profil keamanan yang baik.

====================================================================================================

Minor surgery is a surgical procedure with a low risk of complications, is minor in nature, generally uses local anesthesia, and does not require hospitalization. However, this procedure can still cause postoperative pain that requires optimal management. The principle of pain management follows the WHO Three-Step Ladder, with non opioid analgesics such as NSAIDs and paracetamol recommended for mild to moderate pain. This study aims to describe the profile of non opioid analgesic use in minor surgery patients at the Tlanakan Community Health Center Pamekasan from 2018 to 2024. This study used a quantitative retrospective descriptive method with purposive sampling. Data were collected from patient medical records at the Emergency Unit of the Tlanakan Community Health Center Pamekasan during January - April 2025. The results showed that out of 335 minor surgery patients, 182 met the inclusion criteria. Patients’ ages ranged from 3–74 years, with the majority being adults (60%). The most common diagnoses were abscess (31%), followed by nail extraction (23%), clavus (17%), circumcision (14%), lipoma (13%), and verruca vulgaris (3%). Non opioid analgesics used included mefenamic acid (69%), sodium diclofenac (14%), paracetamol (13%), and ibuprofen (4%), administered orally 2–3 times a day, less than 1 hour after surgery, for an average of 3 days. A total of 57% of patients experienced mild pain after the procedure, 37% experienced moderate pain, and 6% experienced no pain. A 2-point reduction in pain was reported by 60% of patients at follow-up. In conclusion, non opioid analgesics, especially mefenamic acid, are effective for mild to moderate pain after minor surgery in primary care, with a good safety profile.