Hubungan Karakteristik terhadap Tekanan Darah Pasien CKD yang Menjalani Terapi Hemodialisis di RSUD Haji Surabaya

Pendahuluan: Perubahan tekanan darah sering terjadi selama hemodialisis pada pasien CKD dan berisiko meningkatkan komplikasi kardiovaskular. Kondisi ini dipengaruhi oleh berbagai karakteristik pasien sehingga perlu dianalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan tekanan darah selama hemodialisis. Tujuan dari penelitian yaitu untuk menganalisis hubungan karakteristik pasien CKD terhadap tekanan darah pre-post hemodialisis. Metode: Mengguakan desain cross-sectional pada 73 pasien hemodialisis dengan teknik purposive sampling. Variabel independen meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, BMI, suhu, nadi, respiratory rate (RR), lama menjalani hemodialisis, dan durasi terapi hemodialisis. Variabel dependen adalah tekanan darah. Data diperoleh melalui lembar observasi. Analisis data yang digunakan menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan uji korelasi pearson. Hasil: Sebagian besar karakteristik berhubungan signifikan dengan tekanan darah saat pre dan post hemodialisis (p<0,05), yaitu usia (r=0,891), BMI (r=0,923), suhu (r=0,952), lama menjalani hemodialisis (r=-0,565), durasi hemodialisis (r=0,255), nadi (r=0,239), dan RR (r=0,285). Karakteristik berperan penting terhadap perubahan tekanan darah selama hemodialisis. Usia, BMI, dan suhu menunjukkan korelasi sangat kuat, sedangkan lama menjalani hemodialisis menunjukkan korelasi negatif sedang. Jenis kelamin tidak berhubungan signifikan (p>0,05). Diskusi: Karakteristik pasien memiliki peran penting terhadap perubahan tekanan darah selama hemodialisis sehingga pemantauan klinis secara komprehensif untuk mencegah komplikasi kardiovaskular.

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Introduction: Blood pressure changes frequently occur during hemodialysis in CKD patients and increase the risk of cardiovascular complications. This condition is influenced by various patient characteristics; therefore, it is necessary to analyze factors related to blood pressure during hemodialysis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between CKD patient characteristics and blood pressure levels before and after hemodialysis. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used in 73 hemodialysis patients using a purposive sampling technique. Independent variables included age, gender, BMI, temperature, pulse, respiratory rate (RR), duration of hemodialysis, and duration of hemodialysis therapy. The dependent variable was blood pressure. Data were obtained through observation sheets. The data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Pearson correlation test. Results: Most characteristics were significantly associated with blood pressure during pre- and post-hemodialysis (p<0.05), namely age (r=0.891), BMI (r=0.923), temperature (r=0.952), duration of hemodialysis (r=-0.565), duration of hemodialysis (r=0.255), pulse (r=0.239), and RR (r=0.285). Characteristics play a significant role in blood pressure changes during hemodialysis. Age, BMI, and temperature showed a very strong correlation, while duration of hemodialysis showed a moderate negative correlation. Gender was not significantly associated (p>0.05). Discussion: Patient characteristics play an important role in blood pressure changes during hemodialysis, so comprehensive clinical monitoring is needed to prevent cardiovascular complications.