Hubungan antara Kejadian Neuropati Diabetik dengan Kualitas Tidur pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di RS Siti Khodijah Sepanjang

Pendahuluan: Diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2 merupakan penyakit metabolik kronis dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat dan sering disertai komplikasi mikrovaskular, salah satunya neuropati diabetik. Neuropati diabetik dapat menimbulkan keluhan sensorik, nyeri kronis, dan parestesia yang cenderung memburuk pada malam hari sehingga berpotensi mengganggu kualitas tidur. Gangguan kualitas tidur pada pasien DM tipe 2 dapat berdampak pada pengelolaan penyakit, kesejahteraan pasien, serta kualitas hidup secara keseluruhan. Meskipun demikian, hasil penelitian mengenai hubungan antara neuropati diabetik dan kualitas tidur masih menunjukkan temuan yang bervariasi.
Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara kejadian neuropati diabetik dengan kualitas tidur pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di RS Siti Khodijah Sepanjang.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain observasional analitik melalui pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 52 pasien DM tipe 2 di RS Siti Khodijah Sepanjang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data kejadian neuropati diabetik diperoleh dari rekam medis pasien sedangkan kualitas tidur dinilai menggunakan Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square, dengan penilaian kekuatan hubungan menggunakan koefisien kontingensi.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proporsi kualitas tidur buruk lebih tinggi pada pasien DM tipe 2 dengan neuropati diabetik dibandingkan pasien tanpa neuropati diabetik. Hasil uji Chi-Square menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara kejadian neuropati diabetik dan kualitas tidur dengan nilai signifikansi p < 0,001. Nilai koefisien kontingensi yang diperoleh sebesar 0,481 yang menunjukkan hubungan positif dengan kekuatan hubungan cukup.
Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kejadian neuropati diabetik dengan kualitas tidur pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di RS Siti Khodijah Sepanjang.

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Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with a continuously increasing prevalence and is frequently accompanied by microvascular complications, one of which is diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy may cause sensory disturbances, chronic pain, and paresthesia that tend to worsen at night, thereby potentially impairing sleep quality. Poor sleep quality in patients with T2DM may adversely affect disease management, patient well-being, and overall quality of life. However, findings regarding the relationship between diabetic neuropathy and sleep quality remain inconsistent.
Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between the occurrence of diabetic neuropathy and sleep quality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Siti Khodijah Sepanjang Hospital.
Methods: This study is an observational analytic cross-sectional design. The study sample consisted of 52 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Siti Khodijah Sepanjang Hospital who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were selected using purposive sampling. Data on diabetic neuropathy were obtained from patients’ medical records, while sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Chi-square test, and the strength of the association was evaluated using the contingency coefficient.
Results: The results showed that the proportion of poor sleep quality was higher among patients with diabetic neuropathy compared with those without diabetic neuropathy. The Chi-square test demonstrated a statistically significant association between diabetic neuropathy and sleep quality (p < 0.001). The contingency coefficient value was 0.481, indicating a positive association with moderate strength.
Conclusion: There is a significant association between the occurrence of diabetic neuropathy and sleep quality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Siti Khodijah Sepanjang Hospital.