Hubungan antara Kejadian Neuropati Diabetik dengan Risiko Jatuh pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di RS Siti Khodijah Sepanjang

Pendahuluan: Neuropati diabetik merupakan salah satu komplikasi mikrovaskular yang sering terjadi pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) dan dapat menyebabkan gangguan keseimbangan yang meningkatkan risiko jatuh. Risiko jatuh pada pasien DMT2 dapat berdampak pada morbiditas serta penurunan kualitas hidup, sehingga penting untuk mengetahui hubungan antara neuropati diabetik dan risiko jatuh.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kejadian neuropati diabetik dengan risiko jatuh pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di RS Siti Khodijah Sepanjang.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Penelitian melibatkan 56 pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data neuropati diabetik diperoleh dari rekam medis pasien, sedangkan risiko jatuh dinilai menggunakan instrumen Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square.
Hasil: Mayoritas responden berada pada kelompok usia lanjut, berjenis kelamin perempuan, serta memiliki lama menderita diabetes 5-7 tahun. Sebagian besar responden juga memiliki indeks massa tubuh kategori overweight hingga obesitas dan menunjukkan kontrol glikemik yang kurang baik. Prevalensi neuropati diabetik sebesar 62,5%, sedangkan prevalensi responden yang termasuk kategori berisiko jatuh sebesar 60,7%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara neuropati diabetik dan risiko jatuh pada pasien DMT2 dengan nilai p=0,007.
Kesimpulan: Neuropati diabetik berhubungan secara signifikan dengan peningkatan risiko jatuh pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di RS Siti Khodijah Sepanjang. Oleh karena itu, identifikasi dini neuropati diabetik penting dilakukan sebagai upaya pencegahan risiko jatuh pada pasien DMT2.
Kata kunci: neuropati diabetik, risiko jatuh, diabetes melitus tipe 2, Timed Up and Go test

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Introduction: Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and may cause balance disorders that increase the risk of falls. The risk of falls in patients with T2DM can lead to morbidity and decreased quality of life; therefore, it is important to determine the relationship between diabetic neuropathy and fall risk.
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between diabetic neuropathy and fall risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Siti Khodijah Hospital Sepanjang.
Methods: This study used an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The study involved 56 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data on diabetic neuropathy were obtained from patients’ medical records, while fall risk was assessed using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test instrument. Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Chi-Square test, while the strength of the relationship was assessed using the contingency coefficient.
Results: The majority of respondents were older adults, female, and had suffered from diabetes for 5–7 years. Most respondents were also categorized as overweight to obese and showed poor glycemic control. The prevalence of diabetic neuropathy was 62.5%, while the prevalence of respondents categorized as being at risk of falls was 60.7%. Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between diabetic neuropathy and fall risk in patients with T2DM, with a p-value of 0.007.
Conclusion: Diabetic neuropathy was significantly associated with an increased risk of falls in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Siti Khodijah Hospital Sepanjang. Therefore, early identification of diabetic neuropathy is important as an effort to prevent fall risk in patients with T2DM.
Keywords: diabetic neuropathy, fall risk, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Timed Up and Go test