Hubungan antara Insidensi Miopia dengan Durasi Pemakaian Gadget pada Anak di SD Plus Muhammadiyah Brawijaya Mojokerto

Seiring dengan pertumbuhan anak-anak, jumlah penderita miopia diperkirakan akan terus meningkat, terutama di kalangan anak usia sekolah. Kejadian ini sering disebut school myopia dan menjadi perhatian global, terutama di daerah perkotaan. Faktor penyebabnya meliputi kombinasi faktor genetik dan lingkungan, termasuk durasi penggunaan perangkat digital yang oanjang serta minimnya aktivitas di luar ruangan. Peningkatan angka miopia perlu mendapat perhatian serius karena jika tidak ditangani, dapat menimbulkan risiko komplikasi pada kesehatan mata di masa depan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui angka kejadian miopia, durasi pemakaian gadget dan hubungan antara durasi pemakaian gadget dengan kejadian miopia pada siswa SD Plus Muhammadiyah Brawijaya Mojokerto. Penelitian ini menggunakan survei analitik dengan desain cross-sectional. Populasi penilitian adalah siswa kelas 1 sampai kelas 4. Data durasi pemakaian gadget dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, sedangkan data kejadian miopia diperoleh melalui pemeriksaan ketajaman penglihatan menggunakan alat autorefractometer dan snellen chart. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji korelasi spearman untuk mengetahui hubungan antara durasi penggunaan gadget dan tingkat miopia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan secara statistic antara durasi pemakaian gadget dan tingkat miopia, dengan koefisien korelasi r = 0,499 dan nilai signifikan p < 0,001. Arah korelasi positif menunjukkan bahwa semakin lama durasi pemakaian gadget, semakin tinggi tingkat miopia siswa. Berdasarkan temuan ini, sekolah diharapkan memberikan edukasi kesehatan mata, membatasi penggunaan gadget di lingkungan belajar, dan mendorong aktivitas luar ruangan. Orang tua diharapkan mengawasi durasi penggunaan gadget di rumah serta melakukan pemeriksaan mata secara berkala untuk mencegah komplikasi jangka panjang.

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As children grow, the number of people with myopia is expected to continue increasing, especially among school-age children. This condition is often referred to as school myopia, which has become a global concern, particularly in urban areas. The causes include a combination of genetic and environmental factors, such as prolonged use of digital devices and limited outdoor activity. The increasing prevalence of myopia requires serious attention because, if left untreated, it may increase the risk of future eye health complications. This study aims to determine the incidence of myopia, the duration of gadget use, and the relationship between the duration of gadget use and the incidence of myopia among students at SD Plus Muhammadiyah Brawijaya Mojokerto. This study used an analytical survey with a cross-sectional design, and the study population consisted of students in grades 1 to 4. Data on the duration of gadget use were collected through questionnaires, while data on the incidence of myopia were obtained through visual acuity examinations using an autorefractometer and a Snellen chart. The data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test to determine the relationship between the duration of gadget use and the level of myopia. The results of the study showed a statistically significant relationship between the duration of gadget use and the level of myopia, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.499 and a significance value of p < 0.001. The positive correlation indicates that the longer the duration of gadget use, the higher the level of myopia in students. Based on these findings, schools are expected to provide eye health education, limit the use of gadgets in the learning environment, and encourage outdoor activities. Parents are also expected to monitor the duration of gadget use at home and conduct regular eye examinations to prevent long-term complications.