Perbandingan Parameter Mutu Ekstrak Hasil Maserasi dan Maserasi Dipercepat (Caesalpinia sappan L.)

Kayu secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) merupakan tanaman obat yang banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku obat herbal. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan parameter mutu ekstrak kayu secang yang diperoleh melalui metode maserasi dan maserasi dipercepat berdasarkan farmakope herbal indonesia Edisi II. Hasil standardisasi menunjukkan bahwa simplisia kayu secang memenuhi persyaratan FHI pada parameter susut pengeringan sebesar 6,9204%, kadar abu total 0,1632%, dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,1349%. Kadar sari larut etanol sebesar 7,4228%, sedangkan kadar sari larut air sebesar 3,7613% serta kadar minyak atsiri sebesar 0,02% v/b dan 0,006% v/b belum memenuhi persyaratan FHI. Hasil ekstraksi menunjukkan rendemen sebesar 7,705% pada maserasi dan 6,565% pada maserasi dipercepat. Nilai tersebut lebih rendah dibandingkan acuan FHI tidak kurang dari 8,1%, namun standar tersebut ditetapkan menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%, sedangkan penelitian ini menggunakan etanol 70%, sehingga hasil rendemen tidak dapat dibandingkan secara langsung sesuai persyaratan FHI. Nilai susut pengeringan ekstrak masing-masing sebesar 3,3246% dan 9,2564%, kadar abu total sebesar 0,4295% dan 0,9771%, serta kadar abu tidak larut asam sebesar 0,3745% dan 0,4993%, seluruhnya memenuhi persyaratan FHI. Pengujian cemaran mikroba menunjukkan bahwa kedua ekstrak memenuhi persyaratan keamanan mikrobiologis berdasarkan Peraturan BPOM Nomor 29 Tahun 2023, dengan nilai ALT <10 koloni/g, AKK <10 koloni/g, Escherichia coli <3 koloni/g, Enterobacteriaceae <10 koloni/g, serta tidak terdeteksinya Salmonella dan Shigella. Secara keseluruhan, metode maserasi menghasilkan rendemen yang lebih tinggi, sedangkan maserasi dipercepat menghasilkan mutu ekstrak yang sebanding dengan keunggulan efisiensi waktu proses.

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Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) is a medicinal plant widely utilized as a raw material for herbal medicines. This study aimed to compare the quality parameters of sappan wood extracts obtained using conventional maceration and accelerated maceration methods based on the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia Second Edition. The standardization results showed that the simplicia met the pharmacopoeial requirements, with a loss on drying of 6.9204%, total ash content of 0.1632%, and acid-insoluble ash content of 0.1349%. The ethanol-soluble extractive value was 7.4228%, while the water-soluble extractive value was 3.7613%, and the essential oil contents were 0.02% v/v and 0.006% v/v, which did not meet the pharmacopoeial requirements. The extraction yields were 7.705% for conventional maceration and 6.565% for accelerated maceration. These values were lower than the pharmacopoeial standard of not less than 8.1%; however, direct comparison was not appropriate because the standard was established using 96% ethanol, whereas this study used 70% ethanol as the extraction solvent. The loss on drying values of the extracts were 3.3246% and 9.2564%, total ash contents were 0.4295% and 0.9771%, and acid-insoluble ash contents were 0.3745% and 0.4993%, respectively, all of which complied with the pharmacopoeial requirements. Microbial contamination testing demonstrated that both extracts met the microbiological safety requirements stipulated in BPOM Regulation No. 29 of 2023, with a Total Aerobic Microbial Count (TAMC) of less than 10 CFU/g, a Total Yeast and Mold Count (TYMC) of less than 10 CFU/g, Escherichia coli of less than 3 CFU/g, Enterobacteriaceae of less than 10 CFU/g, and no detectable Salmonella or Shigella. Overall, conventional maceration produced a higher extraction yield, whereas accelerated maceration resulted in comparable extract quality with the advantage of greater time efficiency.