Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kepatuhan Minum Obat pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Kedungdung Kabupaten Bangkalan

Latar Belakang: Pengelolaan diabetes melitus tipe 2 membutuhkan terapi jangka panjang sehingga kepatuhan minum obat menjadi faktor penting dalam keberhasilan terapi. Ketidakpatuhan dapat menyebabkan kontrol glikemik buruk dan meningkatkan risiko komplikasi. Kepatuhan dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, seperti pengetahuan, motivasi, dan sikap pasien terhadap pengobatan.
Tujuan: Menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Puskesmas Kedungdung Kabupaten Bangkalan.
Metode: Penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain cross-sectional. Data awal diperoleh dari 284 kunjungan pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 periode Januari–Agustus 2025. Jumlah tersebut tidak menggambarkan jumlah pasien karena satu pasien dapat melakukan kunjungan berulang. Setelah penelusuran dan seleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, diperoleh 74 responden. Sampel diambil menggunakan teknik total sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner karakteristik responden, pengetahuan, motivasi, sikap, dan kepatuhan minum obat menggunakan Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8). Analisis dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji Pearson Chi-Square (p<0,05).
Hasil: Sebagian besar responden memiliki pengetahuan kategori cukup sebanyak 35 orang (47,3%), pengetahuan kurang 28 orang (37,8%), dan pengetahuan baik 11 orang (14,9%). Motivasi sebagian besar berada pada kategori sedang sebanyak 37 orang (50,0%), motivasi tinggi 26 orang (35,1%), dan motivasi rendah 11 orang (14,9%). Sebanyak 61 responden (82,4%) memiliki sikap positif dan 13 responden (17,6%) memiliki sikap negatif. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan, motivasi, dan sikap dengan kepatuhan minum obat (p<0,001). Motivasi merupakan variabel dengan kekuatan hubungan paling besar.
Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan, motivasi, dan sikap berhubungan dengan kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Puskesmas Kedungdung Kabupaten Bangkalan. Motivasi merupakan faktor dengan kekuatan hubungan paling besar, sehingga peningkatan kepatuhan perlu dilakukan melalui edukasi kesehatan, penguatan motivasi, dan pembentukan sikap positif terhadap pengobatan.

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Background: The management of type 2 diabetes mellitus requires long-term therapy, making medication adherence an important factor in achieving successful treatment outcomes. Poor medication adherence may lead to inadequate glycemic control and increase the risk of complications. Medication adherence is influenced by several factors, including patients' knowledge, motivation, and attitudes toward treatment.
Objective: To analyze the factors associated with medication adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Kedungdung Primary Health Care, Bangkalan Regency.
Methods: This analytical observational study employed a cross-sectional design. Initial data were obtained from 284 visits of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus during the period of January–August 2025. The number of visits did not represent the actual number of patients because one patient could have multiple visits during the study period. After screening and selection based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 74 respondents were included. Samples were selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires on respondent characteristics, knowledge, motivation, attitudes, and medication adherence measured using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8). Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Pearson Chi-Square test at a significance level of p<0.05.
Results: Most respondents had a moderate level of knowledge (35 respondents; 47.3%), followed by poor (28 respondents; 37.8%) and good knowledge (11 respondents; 14.9%). Most respondents had moderate motivation (37 respondents; 50.0%), followed by high motivation (26 respondents; 35.1%) and low motivation (11 respondents; 14.9%). Positive attitudes were observed in 61 respondents (82.4%), while 13 respondents (17.6%) had negative attitudes. There were significant associations between knowledge, motivation, and attitude with medication adherence (p<0.001). Motivation showed the strongest association with medication adherence compared with knowledge and attitude.
Conclusion: Knowledge, motivation, and attitude were significantly associated with medication adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Kedungdung Primary Health Care, Bangkalan Regency. Motivation showed the strongest association; therefore, improving medication adherence should be promoted through health education, strengthening patients' motivation, and fostering positive attitudes toward treatment.