Perbandingan Kejadian Sindroma Koroner Akut pada Pasien dengan Diabetes Terkontrol dan Tidak Terkontrol di RS Siti Khodijah Muhammadiyah Cabang Sepanjang

Fasiha, Adibah (2026) Perbandingan Kejadian Sindroma Koroner Akut pada Pasien dengan Diabetes Terkontrol dan Tidak Terkontrol di RS Siti Khodijah Muhammadiyah Cabang Sepanjang. Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya.

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Abstract

Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan salah satu faktor risiko utama penyakit kardiovaskular yang berperan dalam terjadinya Sindroma Koroner Akut (SKA). Hiperglikemia kronis pada penderita DM dapat menyebabkan disfungsi endotel, proses inflamasi, dan aterosklerosis yang mempercepat terjadinya penyakit arteri koroner. Kontrol glikemik yang buruk, yang ditunjukkan oleh kadar glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) yang tinggi, diduga berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan keparahan manifestasi klinis SKA. Oleh karena itu, pengendalian kadar glukosa darah menjadi salah satu upaya penting dalam menurunkan risiko komplikasi kardiovaskular pada pasien diabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kejadian Sindroma Koroner Akut pada pasien diabetes melitus terkontrol dan tidak terkontrol di RS Siti Khodijah Muhammadiyah Cabang Sepanjang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional menggunakan data rekam medis secara retrospektif. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 43 pasien SKA dengan diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang menjalani pemeriksaan HbA1c selama periode Juli 2024–Desember 2025 dan dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Status diabetes melitus dikategorikan menjadi terkontrol (HbA1c <7%) dan tidak terkontrol (HbA1c ≥7%). Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 36 pasien (83,7%) termasuk kelompok DM tidak terkontrol dan 7 pasien (16,3%) termasuk kelompok DM terkontrol. STEMI merupakan jenis SKA terbanyak (74,4%), diikuti NSTEMI (16,3%) dan UAP (9,3%). Uji Chi-square menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna antara status kontrol diabetes melitus dan jenis SKA (p=0,004). Disimpulkan bahwa diabetes melitus yang tidak terkontrol berhubungan dengan manifestasi SKA yang lebih berat, terutama STEMI, sehingga pengendalian glikemik yang optimal diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu strategi dalam mengurangi risiko kejadian kardiovaskular yang lebih berat pada pasien diabetes melitus.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease and plays an important role in the development of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Chronic hyperglycemia in patients with DM may lead to endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and accelerated atherosclerosis, thereby increasing the risk of coronary artery disease. Poor glycemic control, as indicated by elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, is considered to contribute to more severe clinical manifestations of ACS. Therefore, optimal glycemic control is essential to reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes. This study aimed to determine the differences in the occurrence of Acute Coronary Syndrome between patients with controlled and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus at Siti Khodijah Muhammadiyah Hospital, Sepanjang Branch. This was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design using retrospective medical record data. The study included 43 patients with ACS and type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent HbA1c examination between July 2024 and December 2025 and were selected using purposive sampling. Diabetes status was categorized as controlled (HbA1c <7%) and uncontrolled (HbA1c ≥7%). Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test. The results showed that 36 patients (83.7%) had uncontrolled DM, while 7 patients (16.3%) had controlled DM. ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) was the most common type of ACS (74.4%), followed by Non-ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) (16.3%) and Unstable Angina Pectoris (UAP) (9.3%). The Chi-square test demonstrated a statistically significant difference between diabetes control status and the type of ACS (p=0.004). It can be concluded that uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is associated with more severe manifestations of ACS, particularly STEMI, suggesting that optimal glycemic control may serve as an important strategy for reducing the risk of severe cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Item Type: Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Sindroma Koroner Akut, Diabetes Melitus, HbA1c, Kontrol Glikemik, STEMI, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1c, Glycemic Control, STEMI
Subjects: R Medicine > R Medicine (General)
R Medicine > RC Internal medicine
R Medicine > RZ Other systems of medicine
Divisions: 05. Fakultas Kedokteran > Pendidikan Dokter
Depositing User: ADIBAH FASIHA
Date Deposited: 03 Jul 2026 09:20
Last Modified: 03 Jul 2026 09:20
URI: https://repository.um-surabaya.ac.id/id/eprint/12700

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