Hubungan antara Penyakit Penyerta dengan Pneumonia pada Pasien Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit Siti khodijah Muhammadiyah Cabang Sepanjang Sidoarjo

Latar Belakang: Pneumonia merupakan infeksi saluran pernapasan bawah yang menjadi salah satu penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas, terutama pada pasien dengan penyakit penyerta. Kondisi seperti diabetes melitus, hipertensi, PPOK, asma, CKD, dan kanker dapat memengaruhi sistem imun serta meningkatkan risiko infeksi. Namun, hubungan penyakit penyerta dengan jenis pneumonia berdasarkan klasifikasi Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) dan Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) masih belum sepenuhnya diketahui. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan penyakit penyerta dengan jenis pneumonia pada pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Siti Khodijah Muhammadiyah Cabang Sepanjang Sidoarjo. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Data diperoleh dari rekam medis pasien pneumonia yang telah menjalani pemeriksaan radiologi toraks, darah lengkap, dan kultur sputum. Dari 177 kasus pneumonia yang menjalani kultur sputum, diperoleh 71 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi sebagai responden penelitian. Analisis hubungan dilakukan menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil: Penyakit penyerta terbanyak adalah hipertensi sebanyak 39 pasien (54,9%), diikuti diabetes melitus sebanyak 31 pasien (43,7%), asma sebanyak 9 pasien (12,7%), PPOK sebanyak 5 pasien (7,0%), CKD sebanyak 3 pasien (4,2%), dan kanker sebanyak 1 pasien (1,4%). Jenis pneumonia terbanyak adalah CAP sebanyak 57 pasien (80,3%), HAP sebanyak 12 pasien (16,9%), dan VAP sebanyak 2 pasien (2,8%). Hasil analisis menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara penyakit penyerta dengan jenis pneumonia (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara penyakit penyerta diabetes melitus, hipertensi, PPOK, asma, CKD, dan kanker dengan jenis pneumonia pada pasien rawat inap. Jenis pneumonia kemungkinan dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain selain penyakit penyerta.

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Background: Pneumonia is a lower respiratory tract infection that remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, particularly among patients with comorbid diseases. Conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cancer may affect immune function and increase susceptibility to infection. However, the relationship between comorbidities and pneumonia types based on the classification of Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP), Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP), and Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between comorbidities and pneumonia types among hospitalized patients at Siti Khodijah Muhammadiyah Hospital Sepanjang, Sidoarjo. Methods: This study used an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. Data were obtained from medical records of pneumonia patients who underwent chest radiography, complete blood count examination, and sputum culture. Among 177 pneumonia cases that underwent sputum culture examination, 71 patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included as research respondents. The relationship between comorbidities and pneumonia types was analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results: The most common comorbidity was hypertension, found in 39 patients (54.9%), followed by diabetes mellitus in 31 patients (43.7%), asthma in 9 patients (12.7%), COPD in 5 patients (7.0%), CKD in 3 patients (4.2%), and cancer in 1 patient (1.4%). The most common pneumonia type was CAP with 57 patients (80.3%), followed by HAP with 12 patients (16.9%), and VAP with 2 patients (2.8%). Statistical analysis showed no significant relationship between comorbidities and pneumonia types (p>0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, COPD, asthma, CKD, and cancer, with pneumonia types among hospitalized patients. Pneumonia classification may be influenced by other factors beyond comorbidities.