Hubungan antara Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dengan Keparahan Osteoartritis Genu Berdasarkan Pemeriksaan Radiologi di RS Siti Khodijah Muhammadiyah Sepanjang Sidoarjo

Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan kondisi kelainan metabolik kronis akibat gangguan sekresi insulin, resistensi aksi insulin perifer, atau keduanya. Perkembangannya menyebabkan homeostasis glukosa tidak bisa dipertahankan, sehingga terjadi hiperglikemia (Galicia-garcia et al., 2020). Hiperglikemia kronis menyebabkan kerusakan organ, termasuk sendi. Produksi akhir glikasi pada sendi, meningkatkan kekakuan tulang rawan (Alenazi et al., 2020). Penderita DM dengan osteoartritis cenderung mengalami perubahan sifat biomekanik dan biokimiawi jaringan sendi yang lebih signifikan (Chowdhury et al., 2022). Penilitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan keparahan osteoartritis genu berdasarkan pemeriksaan radiologi di Instalasi Rawat Jalan Rumah Sakit Siti Khodijah, Sidoarjo. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan kuantitatif observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross-sectional terhadap 96 responden yang dipilih melalui consecutive sampling. Data sekunder periode Januari 2024–Desember 2025 dianalisis secara bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan responden didominasi oleh kelompok usia ≥60 tahun (68,8%) dan jenis kelamin perempuan (77,1%). Distribusi keparahan OA genu meliputi Grade I (17,7%), Grade II (30,2%), Grade III (26,0%), dan Grade IV (26,0%), di mana 50% responden memiliki riwayat DMT2. Analisis statistik menunjukkan nilai p-value sebesar 0,228 (p > 0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara diabetes melitus tipe 2 dengan tingkat keparahan osteoartritis genu.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder resulting from impaired insulin secretion, peripheral insulin action resistance, or both. Its progression leads to the inability to maintain glucose homeostasis, resulting in hyperglycemia (Galicia-garcia et al., 2020). Chronic hyperglycemia causes damage to various organs, including the joints. The accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in the joints increases cartilage stiffness (Alenazi et al., 2020). DM patients with osteoarthritis tend to experience more significant biomechanical and biochemical changes in joint tissues (Chowdhury et al., 2022). This study aims to determine the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the severity of genu osteoarthritis based on radiological examination at the Outpatient Installation of Siti Khodijah Hospital, Sidoarjo. The research method utilized an analytical observational quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design involving 96 respondents selected through consecutive sampling. Secondary data from January 2024 to December 2025 were analyzed bivariately using the Chi-square test. The results showed that respondents were dominated by the age group ≥60 years (68.8%) and the female sex (77.1%). The distribution of genu OA severity included Grade I (17.7%), Grade II (30.2%), Grade III (26.0%), and Grade IV (26.0%), with 50% of respondents having a history of T2DM. Statistical analysis revealed a p-value of 0.228 (p > 0.05). The conclusion of this study is that there is no significant relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the severity level of genu osteoarthritis.