Perbandingan Parameter Mutu Simplisia dan Ekstrak Daun serta Tangkai Seledri (Apium graveolens L.) dari Kecamatan Pujon, Malang

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan parameter mutu simplisia dan ekstrak etanol 70% daun serta tangkai seledri Apium graveolens L. asal Kecamatan Pujon, Malang, berdasarkan Farmakope Herbal Indonesia (FHI) Edisi II Tahun 2017. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental laboratorium. Simplisia dibuat melalui tahapan sortasi, pencucian, pemisahan daun dan tangkai, pengeringan, serta penggilingan. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan metode maserasi dipercepat dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Parameter yang diuji meliputi parameter spesifik (organoleptik, mikroskopik, dan kadar flavonoid total sebagai apigenin) serta parameter nonspesifik (susut pengeringan, kadar abu total, kadar abu tidak larut asam, kadar sari larut air dan etanol, rendemen, kadar air, dan cemaran mikroba). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh parameter mutu simplisia daun dan tangkai memenuhi persyaratan FHI, meliputi susut pengeringan (daun 7,088%; tangkai 7,537%), kadar abu total (daun 17,493%; tangkai 18,847%), dan kadar flavonoid total sebagai apigenin. Pada ekstrak etanol 70%, rendemen (daun 31,53%; tangkai 28,56%), kadar air (daun 9,45%; tangkai 5,58%), serta kadar flavonoid total sebagai apigenin (daun 14,0%; tangkai 12,2%) memenuhi standar FHI. Namun, kadar abu total dan kadar abu tidak larut asam pada kedua ekstrak belum memenuhi persyaratan FHI. Uji cemaran mikroba menunjukkan bahwa kedua ekstrak memenuhi persyaratan BPOM RI No. 29 Tahun 2023. Simplisia daun dan tangkai seledri telah memenuhi seluruh standar mutu FHI, sedangkan ekstrak hanya memenuhi sebagian parameter. Daun seledri menunjukkan mutu ekstrak yang lebih optimal, terutama pada kadar apigenin, sehingga disarankan sebagai bahan baku utama dalam pengembangan obat herbal terstandar.

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This study aimed to compare the quality parameters of simplicia and 70% ethanol extracts of celery Apium graveolens L. leaves and stalks from Pujon District, Malang, based on the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia (FHI) Second Edition (2017). The research was conducted using an experimental laboratory design. Simplicia was prepared through sorting, washing, separation of leaves and stalks, drying, and grinding. Extraction was performed using the accelerated maceration method with 70% ethanol as solvent. Both specific parameters (organoleptic, microscopic, and total flavonoid content as apigenin) and non-specific parameters (loss on drying, total ash content, acid-insoluble ash, water- and ethanol-soluble extractive values, extract yield, moisture content, and microbial contamination) were evaluated.The results showed that all simplicia quality parameters for both leaves and stalks met FHI requirements, including loss on drying (leaves 7.088%; stalks 7.537%), total ash (leaves 17.493%; stalks 18.847%), and total flavonoid content as apigenin. For the 70% ethanol extract, yield (leaves 31.53%; stalks 28.56%), moisture content (leaves 9.45%; stalks 5.58%), and total flavonoid content as apigenin (leaves 14.0%; stalks 12.2%) met FHI standards. However, total ash content and acid-insoluble ash of both extracts did not meet FHI requirements. Microbial contamination tests confirmed that both extracts complied with BPOM RI No. 29 of 2023.In conclusion, both simplicia met all FHI quality standards, whereas the extracts only partially complied. Celery leaves demonstrated superior extract quality, particularly in apigenin content, and are recommended as the primary raw material for standardized herbal medicine development.