Studi Penggunaan Antibiotik Profilaksis pada Pasien Sectio Caesarea (Penelitian Dilakukan di RSUD H. Slamet Martodirdjo Pamekasan)

Sectio caesarea (SC) adalah operasi melahirkan melalui sayatan pada perut dan rahim. Salah satu risiko pasca SC adalah infeksi luka operasi (ILO), sehingga pemberian antibiotik profilaksis menjadi langkah pencegahan penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui profil penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis pada pasien SC di RSUD Dr. H. Slamet Martodirdjo Pamekasan tahun 2024, serta hubungannya dengan data klinis dan laboratorium pra-operasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasional deskriptif dengan pendekatan retrospektif menggunakan data rekam medis Januari–Desember 2024. Sampel sebanyak 166 pasien dipilih secara purposive sampling. Hasil menunjukkan mayoritas pasien berusia 20–35 tahun (90%) danoverweight (83%). Antibiotik terbanyak digunakan adalah sefazolin 2 g intravena (57%), diikuti seftriakson 1 g (37%) dan sefuroksim 1 g (5%), yang diberikan <1 jam sebelum operasi dengan dosis tunggal. Sebagian besar pasien memiliki leukosit normal dan semua memiliki respirasi normal. Kesimpulannya, penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis di RSUD Dr. H. Slamet Martodirdjo Pamekasan umumnya sesuai pedoman, dengan dominasi sefazolin 2 g intravena <1 jam sebelum insisi untuk mencegah ILO.

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Caesarean section (CS) is a surgical procedure to deliver a baby through an incision in the abdomen and uterus. One of the postoperative risks of CS is surgical site infection (SSI), making prophylactic antibiotic administration an important preventive measure. This study aimed to determine the profile of prophylactic antibiotic use in CS patients at Dr. H. Slamet Martodirdjo Regional Public Hospital, Pamekasan, in 2024, and its relationship with preoperative clinical and laboratory data. The research employed a descriptive observational design with a retrospective approach, using medical record data from January to December 2024. A total of 166 patients were selected through purposive sampling. The results showed that most patients were aged 20–35 years (90%) and were overweight (83%). The most frequently used antibiotic was cefazolin 2 g intravenously (57%), followed by ceftriaxone 1 g (37%) and cefuroxime 1 g (5%), administered less than one hour before surgery as a single dose. Most patients had normal leukocyte counts and all had normal respiratory rates. In conclusion, prophylactic antibiotic use in CS patients at Dr. H. Slamet Martodirdjo Regional Public Hospital, Pamekasan, generally followed the guidelines, with cefazolin 2 g intravenously <1 hour before incision being the predominant choice to prevent SSI.