PERBANDINGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI BERDASARKAN EMPAT KATEGORI INDEKS MASSA TUBUH (UNDERWEIGHT, NORMAL, OVERWEIGHT, OBESITAS) PADA PASIEN DI RSI SITI AISYAH MADIUN

Latar Belakang: Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian tertinggi di Indonesia dan dikenal sebagai “the silent killer” karena sering tidak bergejala. Prevalensi hipertensi nasional mencapai 34.1%, sedangkan kejadian hipertensi di Kota Madiun mencapai 62%. Salah satu faktor risiko yang berperan terhadap derajat hipertensi adalah obesitas yang dapat dinilai melalui Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT). Peningkatan IMT berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko hipertensi melalui peningkatan cardiac output dan aktivasi sistem renin-angiotensin-aldosteron (RAAS). Tujuan: Menganalisis perbandingan kejadian hipertensi berdasarkan kategori IMT pada pasien di RSI Siti Aisyah Madiun. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan teknik consecutive sampling pada 59 pasien hipertensi usia 18 – 60 tahun di Poli Jantung RSI Siti Aisyah Madiun pada bulan Juni 2026. Tekanan darah diukur menggunakan tensimeter, sedangkan IMT ditentukan berdasarkan hasil pengukuran berat badan dan tinggi badan menggunakan timbangan dan stadiometer. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan SPSS. Hasil: Mayoritas responden berusia 51 – 60 tahun (74.6%), berjenis kelamin perempuan (59.3%), dan memiliki IMT kategori overweight (54.2%). Kategori tekanan darah terbanyak adalah prehipertensi (47.5%). Uji Fisher-Freeman Halton Exact Test menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan distribusi derajat hipertensi yang bermakna antar kategori IMT (p < 0.001). Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan distribusi kejadian hipertensi antar kategori IMT dengan kecenderungan peningkatan derajat hipertensi seiring meningkatnya IMT.
Kata Kunci: hipertensi, tekanan darah, indeks massa tubuh, obesitas
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Background: Hypertension remains one of the leading causes of death in Indonesia and is known as a silent killer because it often presents without symptoms. The national prevalence of hypertension reaches 34.1% while the incidence of hypertension in Madiun City reaches 62%. One of the risk factors contributing to hypertension severity is obesity, which can be assessed using Body Mass Index (BMI). An increased BMI is associated with a higher risk of hypertension through increased cardiac output and activation of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS). Objective: To analyze the comparison of hypertension occurrence based on BMI categories among patients at RSI Siti Aisyah Madiun. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with consecutive sampling involving 59 hypertensive patients aged 18 – 60 years at the Cardiology Clinic of RSI Siti Aisyah Madiun in June 2026. Blood pressure was measured using a sphygmomanometer, while BMI was determined based on body weight and height measurements using a scale and stadiometer. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. Results: The majority of respondents were aged 51 – 60 years (74.6%), female (59.3%), and had an overweight BMI category (54.2%). Pre hypertension was the most common blood pressure category (47.5%). Fisher-Freeman Halton Exact Test showed a significant difference in the distribution of hypertension severity among BMI categories (p < 0.001). Conclusion: There were significant differences in the distribution of hypertension severity among BMI categories, with a tendency toward increased hypertension severity as BMI increased.
Keywords: hypertension, blood pressure, body mass index, obesity