Analisis Kejadian Efek Samping Penggunaan Obat Kombinasi Metformin dan Glimepiride pada Pasien DM Tipe 2 Rawat Inap di RSUD Haji Surabaya

Diabetes melitus adalah penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia kronis akibat kerusakan pada sekresi insulin atau kerja insulin. Hiperglikemia kronis ini dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada berbagai organ tubuh. Penyebab DM termasuk proses patogenik seperti penghancuran sel beta pankreas dan resistensi insulin. Penatalaksanaan pasien DM tipe 2 melibatkan pemberian Metformin sebagai terapi lini pertama. Jika target HbA1c tidak tercapai, kombinasi dengan Sulfonilurea dapat digunakan. Efek samping dari obat antidiabetes seperti Metformin dan Sulfonilurea dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien, sehingga diperlukan pemantauan terhadap efek samping obat (Adverse Drug Reaction, ADR). Faktor usia dan dosis obat dapat mempengaruhi terjadinya ADR. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi kejadian efek samping obat kombinasi metformin dan glimepiride pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 di RSUD Haji Surabaya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional retrospektif dengan pengamatan data rekam medis. Jumlah sampel seluruhnya 84 orang, namun yang masuk dalam inklusi ada 20 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa presentase /efek samping yaitu mual sebanyak 11 orang (47,8%), muntah sebanyak 6 orang (26,1%), pusing sebanyak 9 orang (39,1%), nyeri perut sebanyak (30,4%). Pada penelitian ini didapatkan mayoritas pasien memiliki efek samping gastrointestinal berupa mual (47,8%). Berdasarkan dari analisis crosstab didapatkan hasil total berdasarkan jenis kelamin dengan ESO, untuk ESO mual total 16 orang (80,0%), ESO muntah total 6 orang (30,0%), ESO pusing total 9 orang (45,0%), ESO nyeri perut 7 orang (35,0%).

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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to damage to insulin secretion or insulin action. This chronic hyperglycemia can cause damage to various organs of the body. Causes of DM include pathogenic processes such as destruction of pancreatic beta cells and insulin resistance. The management of type 2 DM patients involves the administration of Metformin as a first-line therapy. If the HbA1c target is not achieved, a combination with Sulfonylurea can be used. Side effects of antidiabetic drugs such as Metformin and Sulfonylurea can affect the patient's quality of life, so monitoring of drug side effects (Adverse Drug Reaction, ADR) is necessary. Age factors and drug dosage can affect the occurrence of ADR. This study aims to obtain information on the incidence of side effects of the combination drug metformin and glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Haji Surabaya Hospital. The type of research used is retrospective observation with the observation of medical record data. The total number of samples was 84 people, but there were 20 people who were included in the inclusion. The results showed that the percentage/side effects were nausea for 11 people (47.8%), vomiting for 6 people (26.1%), dizziness for 9 people (39.1%), abdominal pain (30.4%). In this study, the majority of patients had gastrointestinal side effects in the form of nausea (47.8%). Based on the crosstab analysis, the total results were obtained by gender with ESO, for ESO total nausea 16 people (80.0%), ESO vomiting total 6 people (30.0%), total dizziness ESO 9 people (45.0%), ESO abdominal pain 7 people (35.0%).