Studi Pengaruh Kecepatan Angin terhadap Stabilitas Frekuensi Berbasis Konverter Ac-Ac pada Pmsg Tiga Fasa Pltb Laboratorium Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Bayu (PLTB) berbasis Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) tiga fasa menghadapi tantangan utama berupa fluktuasi frekuensi keluaran akibat variasi kecepatan angin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik pengaruh kecepatan angin terhadap stabilitas frekuensi keluaran PMSG serta menentukan rangkaian kendali frekuensi yang ideal menggunakan sistem konverter AC-AC back-to-back pada PMSG tiga fasa. Metode yang digunakan meliputi simulasi MATLAB/Simulink dan pengujian lapangan pada sistem PLTB skala laboratorium di Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya menggunakan generator PMSG Vesdas G100 100W dengan kecepatan rated 750 RPM. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa kecepatan angin berbanding lurus terhadap frekuensi keluaran PMSG, dengan frekuensi optimal 50,51 Hz dicapai pada rated speed 12 m/s dengan error 1,02% dari nilai referensi 50 Hz. Hasil pengujian lapangan menunjukkan frekuensi paling mendekati 50 Hz pada rentang kecepatan angin 5–6 m/s dengan nilai 50,07 Hz. Perhitungan parameter PMSG Vesdas G100 memverifikasi bahwa generator memiliki 8 kutub dengan daya angin tersedia 832,03 W dan efisiensi nominal 12,02% pada kecepatan 12 m/s. Rangkaian kendali frekuensi yang ideal terdiri dari delapan komponen terintegrasi, yaitu sensor frekuensi berbasis Bus Selector dengan Gain −10/(2π), Low Pass Filter dengan fungsi transfer H(s) = 1/(s+1) dan time constant 1 detik, blok referensi frekuensi 50 Hz, rectifier thyristor bridge tiga fasa, inverter IGBT bridge tiga fasa dengan PWM, gain torsi 25.240 Nm, pitch control, dan cut-out protection. Low Pass Filter terbukti menjadi komponen krusial yang mampu menekan ripple frekuensi dari 310,71 Hz pada kondisi tanpa filter menjadi 49,81 Hz dengan filter, dengan settling time 5–7 detik dan frekuensi rata-rata 49,36 Hz mendekati nilai referensi 50 Hz.

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A three-phase wind power plant (PLTB) based on a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) faces the main challenge of output frequency fluctuations caused by variations in wind speed. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of the effect of wind speed on the output frequency stability of the PMSG and to determine the ideal frequency control circuit using a back-to-back AC-AC converter system on a three-phase PMSG. The methods used include MATLAB/Simulink simulations and field testing on a laboratory-scale wind power plant system at Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya using a Vesdas G100 100W PMSG generator with a rated speed of 750 RPM. The simulation results showedthat wind speed is directly proportional to the PMSG output frequency, with an optimal frequency of 50.51 Hz achieved at a rated speed of 12 m/s, with an error of 1.02% from the reference value of 50 Hz. Field test results showed that the frequency closest to 50 Hz occurs in the 5–6 m/s wind speed range, with a value of 50.07 Hz. Calculations of the Vesdas G100 PMSG parameters verify that the generator has 8 poles with an available wind power of 832.03 W and a nominal efficiency of 12.02% at a speed of 12 m/s. The ideal frequency control circuit consists of eight integrated components, namely a Bus Selector-based frequency sensor with a gain of −10/(2π), a low-pass filter with transfer function H(s) = 1/(s+1) and a time constant of 1 second, a 50 Hz frequency reference block, a three-phase thyristor bridge rectifier, a three-phase IGBT bridge inverter with PWM, a torque gain of 25,240 Nm, pitch control, and cut-out protection. The low-pass filter proved to be a crucial component capable of reducing frequency ripple from 310.71 Hz in the unfiltered condition to 49.81 Hz with the filter, with a settling time of 5–7 seconds and an average frequency of 49.36 Hz, which is close to the 50 Hz reference value.