Rancang Bangun Kendali PID untuk Pengaturan Kecepatan Konveyor Berbasis Arduino

Ja'cub, Aqil Farras Syaddad (2026) Rancang Bangun Kendali PID untuk Pengaturan Kecepatan Konveyor Berbasis Arduino. Applied Bachelor thesis, Unervitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya.

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Abstract

Konveyor merupakan sistem otomasi yang banyak digunakan di industri untuk memindahkan material secara kontinu. Salah satu permasalahan yang sering terjadi adalah perubahan kecepatan motor DC akibat variasi beban, sehingga dapat menurunkan efisiensi proses. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, penelitian ini merancang dan mengimplementasikan sistem kendali Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) berbasis Arduino Uno guna menjaga kecepatan motor tetap sesuai setpoint.
Sistem terdiri dari Arduino Uno sebagai pengendali, motor DC sebagai aktuator, rotary encoder sebagai sensor kecepatan, dan driver motor sebagai penggerak. Penelitian meliputi perancangan perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak, pengujian sensor, pengujian sistem open loop, tuning parameter PID menggunakan metode trial and error, serta pengujian pada berbagai setpoint dan beban. Kinerja sistem dievaluasi berdasarkan rise time, settling time, maximum overshoot, dan steady-state error.
Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa pengendali PID memberikan performa yang lebih baik dibandingkan sistem open loop. Parameter terbaik diperoleh pada Kp = 3,4, Ki = 1,8, dan Kd = 0,1, dengan rise time 1,75 detik, settling time 2,6 detik, maximum overshoot 4,4%, dan steady-state error 1,47%. Sistem juga mampu mempertahankan kecepatan motor mendekati nilai setpoint meskipun terjadi perubahan beban. Dengan demikian, metode PID terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan kestabilan, akurasi, dan respons pengendalian kecepatan motor DC pada sistem konveyor.

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Conveyors are widely used in industrial automation to transport materials continuously. However, changes in load can cause DC motor speed fluctuations, reducing system performance. This study aims to design and implement an Arduino Uno-based Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller to maintain the motor speed at the desired setpoint.
The system consists of an Arduino Uno, a DC motor, a rotary encoder for speed feedback, and a motor driver. The research includes hardware and software development, sensor testing, open-loop testing, PID tuning using the trial-and-error method, and performance evaluation under different setpoints and load conditions. System performance was evaluated using rise time, settling time, maximum overshoot, and steady-state error.
The best PID parameters were Kp = 3.4, Ki = 1.8, and Kd = 0.1. With these values, the system achieved a rise time of 1.75 s, settling time of 2.6 s, maximum overshoot of 4.4%, and steady-state error of 1.47%. The controller also maintained motor speed close to the setpoint despite load variations. These results show that the PID controller effectively improves the stability, accuracy, and performance of DC motor speed control in conveyor systems.

Item Type: Thesis (Applied Bachelor)
Uncontrolled Keywords: PID, Arduino Uno, Motor DC, Konveyor, Rotary Encoder PID, Arduino Uno, DC Motor, Conveyor, Rotary Encoder.
Subjects: T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering
Divisions: 08. Fakultas Teknik > Teknik Elektro
Depositing User: AQIL FARRAS SYADDAD JA'CUB
Date Deposited: 10 Aug 2026 05:57
Last Modified: 10 Aug 2026 05:57
URI: https://repository.um-surabaya.ac.id/id/eprint/13375

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