Optimasi Formula Masker Emulgel Peel-Off Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Binahong Merah dan Hijau Berbasis HPMC K100 serta Uji Stabilitas Fisik dan Aktivitas Antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990

Acne vulgaris atau jerawat merupakan masalah kulit paling umum di dunia yang memengaruhi hingga 85% remaja. Salah satu bakteri pemicu jerawat adalah Staphylococcus epidermidis. Terapi konvensional dengan antibiotik menghadapi kendala efek samping dan resistensi, sehingga diperlukan alternatif yang lebih aman. Tanaman binahong, baik hijau (Anredera cordifolia) maupun merah (Basella rubra), mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh variasi konsentrasi HPMC K100 terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia dan stabilitas masker emulgel peel off kombinasi ekstrak etanol daun binahong merah dan hijau, serta menguji aktivitas antibakteri formula optimal terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis. Formulasi dibuat dengan total ekstrak 30% dan variasi HPMC K100 F1 (0,75%), F2 (1%), dan F3 (1,25%). Evaluasi meliputi organoleptis, pH, viskositas, daya sebar, homogenitas, dan waktu mengering. Uji stabilitas dilakukan selama 90 hari pada suhu 30°C dan 40°C, serta uji aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode difusi agar. Hasil menunjukkan F2 (HPMC 1%) merupakan formula optimal dengan pH 5,74, viskositas 24,27 cP, daya sebar 5,20 cm, dan waktu mengering 15,46 menit. Formula optimal stabil secara fisikokimia selama 90 hari dan menghasilkan zona hambat 10,20 mm (kategori kuat) terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990. Variasi konsentrasi HPMC K100 mempengaruhi karakteristik fisikokimia sediaan, dan formula optimal memberikan aktivitas antibakteri yang tergolong kuat.

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Acne vulgaris is the most common skin problem worldwide, affecting up to 85% of adolescents. Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the bacteria that triggers acne. Conventional antibiotic therapy faces challenges regarding side effects and resistance, necessitating safer alternatives. Binahong plants both green (Anredera cordifolia) and red (Basella rubra) contain secondary metabolites with antibacterial activity. This study aimed to analyze the effect of varying HPMC K100 concentrations on the physicochemical characteristics and stability of a peel-off emulgel mask combining ethanolic extracts of red and green binahong leaves, and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the optimal formula against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Formulations were prepared with a total extract content of 30% and varying HPMC K100 concentrations: F1 (0.75%), F2 (1%), and F3 (1.25%). Evaluations included organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, spreadability, homogeneity, and drying time. Stability testing was conducted over 90 days at temperatures of 30°C and 40°C, and antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar diffusion method. The results indicated that F2 (1% HPMC) was the optimal formula, exhibiting a pH of 5.74, viscosity of 24.27 cP, spreadability of 5.20 cm, and a drying time of 15.46 minutes. The optimal formula remained physicochemically stable for 90 days and produced an inhibition zone of 10.20 mm (strong category) against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990. Variations in HPMC K100 concentration influenced the physicochemical characteristics of the preparation, and the optimal formula demonstrated strong antibacterial activity.