Ferdyanti, Ayu (2006) Analisis Kekeringan Meteorologis Menggunakan SPI Multi-Skala Waktu di Wilayah Hilir DAS Bengawan Solo. Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya.
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Abstract
Kekeringan meteorologis merupakan salah satu fenomena hidrometeorologi yang ditandai oleh penurunan curah hujan secara signifikan dalam periode tertentu sehingga dapat menyebabkan berkurangnya ketersediaan air pada suatu wilayah. Wilayah Hilir DAS Bengawan Solo memiliki tingkat kerentanan tinggi terhadap kekeringan karena berada pada bagian akhir sistem aliran sungai dan memiliki ketergantungan besar terhadap ketersediaan air untuk sektor pertanian, domestik, dan aktivitas ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik dan tingkat keparahan kekeringan meteorologis menggunakan metode Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) pada beberapa skala waktu, yaitu SPI-1, SPI-3, dan SPI-6, serta mengidentifikasi distribusi spasial kekeringan di Wilayah Hilir DAS Bengawan Solo. Penelitian menggunakan data curah hujan harian yang telah diagregasi menjadi data bulanan dari 8 pos hujan yang mewakili wilayah Kabupaten Bojonegoro, Lamongan, Tuban, dan Blora selama periode 2008–2024. Tahapan analisis meliputi pengujian kualitas data melalui uji homogenitas, perhitungan indeks kekeringan menggunakan metode SPI pada skala waktu 1 bulan, 3 bulan, dan 6 bulan, serta pemetaan distribusi spasial menggunakan metode Poligon Thiessen berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Nilai SPI digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi normal hingga tingkat kekeringan ekstrem berdasarkan klasifikasi standar kekeringan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik kekeringan meteorologis memiliki variasi berdasarkan skala waktu analisis. SPI-1 mampu menggambarkan respons cepat terhadap perubahan curah hujan jangka pendek, sedangkan SPI-3 dan SPI-6 memberikan gambaran kondisi kekeringan yang lebih stabil akibat pengaruh akumulasi defisit curah hujan dalam periode lebih panjang. Analisis spasial menunjukkan adanya variasi tingkat kekeringan antar wilayah yang dipengaruhi oleh distribusi curah hujan pada masing-masing area pengaruh pos hujan. Penerapan SPI multi-skala waktu yang dikombinasikan dengan pemetaan spasial mampu memberikan gambaran yang lebih komprehensif mengenai pola, intensitas, dan sebaran kekeringan meteorologis di Wilayah Hilir DAS Bengawan Solo. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi informasi pendukung bagi pengelolaan sumber daya air dan penyusunan strategi mitigasi kekeringan oleh instansi terkait.
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Meteorological drought is a hydrometeorological phenomenon characterized by a significant decline inprecipitation over a certain period, resulting in reduced water availability within a region. The Lower Bengawan Solo River Basin is highly vulnerable to drought because it is located in the downstream section of the river system and depends heavily on water availability for agricultural, domestic, and economic activities. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics and severity of meteorological drought using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) at multiple timescales, namely SPI-1, SPI-3, and SPI-6, and to identify the spatial distribution of drought across the Lower Bengawan Solo River Basin. The study utilized daily rainfall data aggregated into monthly rainfall data from eight rainfall stations representing the regencies of Bojonegoro, Lamongan, Tuban, and Blora during the period 2008–2024. The analytical procedures included data quality assessment using the homogeneity test, calculation of drought indices using the SPI method at 1-, 3-, and 6-month timescales, and spatial distribution mapping using the Thiessen Polygon method within a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. SPI values were used to classify conditions ranging from normal to extreme drought based on the standard drought classification. The results showed that the characteristics of meteorological drought varied according to the timescale of analysis. SPI-1 effectively captured rapid responses to short-term changes in rainfall, whereas SPI-3 and SPI-6 provided a more stable representation of drought conditions due to the cumulative effects of rainfall deficits over longer periods. Spatial analysis revealed variations in drought severity among different areas, influenced by the distribution of rainfall within the area represented by each rainfall station. The application of multi-timescale SPI combined with spatial mapping provided a more comprehensive understanding of the patterns, intensity, and spatial distribution of meteorological drought in the Lower Bengawan Solo River Basin. The findings of this study are expected to serve as supporting information for water resources management and the development of drought mitigation strategies by elevant agencies.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Kekeringan meteorologis, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), SPI multi-skala waktu, DAS Bengawan Solo, Poligon Thiessen, Sistem Informasi Geografis. |
| Subjects: | Q Science > Q Science (General) T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) |
| Divisions: | 08. Fakultas Teknik > Teknik Sipil |
| Depositing User: | Ayu Ferdyanti |
| Date Deposited: | 29 Aug 2026 06:11 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Aug 2026 06:11 |
| URI: | https://repository.um-surabaya.ac.id/id/eprint/13590 |
