Pengaruh Penundaan Sentrifugasi terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Tabung Plain dan Tabung Separator Gel

Latar Belakang: Pemeriksaan glukosa darah merupakan salah satu pemeriksaan klinik yang sering dilakukan untuk membantu menilai metabolisme karbohidrat dan pemantauan diabetes melitus. Keakuratan hasil pemeriksaan dipengaruhi oleh tahap pra-analitik, salah satunya yaitu proses penanganan sampel sebelum pemeiksaan. Penundaan sentrifugasi dapat menyebabkan serum masih mengalami kontak dengan sel darah sehingga proses glikolisis in vitro tetap berlangsung dan menyebabkan perubahan kadar glukosa. Penggunaan jenis tabung yang berbeda seperti tabung plain dan separator gel dapat memengaruhi kestabilan kadar glukosa selama proses penanganan sampel. Tujuan: penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penundaan sentrifugasi terhadap kadar glukosa darah pada tabung plan dan separator gel serta menganalisis perbedaan kadar glukosa berdasarkan variasi waktu penundaan sentrifugasi. Metode: penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratoris dengan rancangan penelitian post-test only control group desain. Sampel penelitian berupa darah vena dari responden yang dimasukkan ke dalam tabung plain dan separator gel. Sampel diberikan perlakuan penundaan sentrifugasi pada waktu 0 jam, 4 jam, 8 jam dan 12 jam. Pemeriksaan kadar glukosa dilakukan menggunakan metode GOD-PAP. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji One-Way ANOVA dengan tingkat kemaknaan α = 0,05. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya penurunan kadar glukosa seiring bertambahnya waktu penundaan sentrifugasi pada kedua jenis tabung. Pada tabung plain diperoleh rata-rata kadar glukosa sebesar 87,17 mg/dL pada waktu 0 jam, 74,50 mg/dL pada 4 jam, 59,00 mg/dL pada 8 jam dan 49,50 mg/dL pada 12 jam. Pada tabung separator gel diperoleh rata-rata kadar glukosa sebesar 85,50 mg/dL pada waktu 0 jam, 64,33 mg/dL pada 4 jam, 42,33 mg/dL pada 8 jam, dan28,33 mg/dL pada 12 jam. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara waktu penundaan sentrifugasi terhadap kadar glukosa darah dengan nilai p < 0,05. Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh penundaan sentrifugasi terhadap kadar glukosa darah pada tabung plain dan separator gel. Semakin lama waktu penundaan sentrifugasi maka kadar glukosa semakin mengalami penurunan akibat berlangsungnya proses glikolisis in vitro.

======================================================================================

Background: Blood glucose testing is one of the clinical examinations frequently conducted to help assess carbohydrate metabolism and monitor diabetes mellitus. The accuracy of the examination results is influenced by the pre-analytical stage, one of which is the sample handling process before the examination. Delaying centrifugation can cause serum to remain in contact with blood cells, allowing in vitro glycolysis to continue and resulting in changes in glucose levels. The use of different types of tubes, such as plain tubes and gel separator tubes, can affect the stability of glucose levels during the sample handling process. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of centrifugation delay on blood glucose levels in plain tubes and gel separator tubes, as well as to analyze the differences in glucose levels based on variations in centrifugation delay time. Method: This study is laboratory experimental research with a post-test only control group design. The research samples consisted of venous blood from respondents, which was placed into plain tubes and gel separators. The samples were subjected to delayed centrifugation at 0 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, and 12 hours. The examination of glucose levels was conducted using the GOD-PAP method. The research data were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA test with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: The research results show a decrease in glucose levels as the delay time of centrifugation increases in both types of tubes. In the plain tube, the average glucose levels were 87.17 mg/dL at 0 hours, 74.50 mg/dL at 4 hours, 59.00 mg/dL at 8 hours, and 49.50 mg/dL at 12 hours. In the gel separator tube, the average glucose levels were 85.50 mg/dL at 0 hours, 64.33 mg/dL at 4 hours, 42.33 mg/dL at 8 hours, and 28.33 mg/dL at 12 hours. The results of the statistical test show a significant effect of the centrifugation delay time on blood glucose levels with a p-value < 0.05. Conclusion: There is an effect of centrifugation delay on blood glucose levels in plain tubes and gel separator tubes. The longer the delay in centrifugation, the more the glucose levels decrease due to the ongoing in vitro glycolysis process.