Perlindungan Hukum Konsumen terhadap Penipuan Transaksi ECommerce: Analisis Yurisdiksi Lintas Negara

Perkembangan perdagangan melalui sistem elektronik (e-commerce) yang bersifat lintas batas meningkatkan kerentanan konsumen terhadap praktik penipuan daring, khususnya ketika pelaku berada di luar yurisdiksi nasional. Kondisi ini menimbulkan tantangan dalam efektivitas perlindungan hukum konsumen di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bentuk perlindungan hukum konsumen terhadap penipuan e-commerce serta mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa lintas negara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan sosiolegal dengan analisis normatif terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan dan kajian empiris, yang diperkuat dengan pendekatan komparatif terhadap kebijakan di Thailand dan Singapura. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Indonesia telah memiliki kerangka hukum melalui Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen, Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, serta Peraturan Pemerintah tentang Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik, implementasinya masih bersifat reaktif dan belum efektif menjangkau pelaku lintas negara. Hambatan utama meliputi persoalan yurisdiksi, keterbatasan pembuktian digital, serta lemahnya kewenangan administratif dan koordinasi lintas negara.

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The development of cross-border electronic commerce (e-commerce) increases consumers’ vulnerability to online fraud, especially when the perpetrators are outside national jurisdiction. This condition poses challenges to the effectiveness of consumer protection in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the forms of consumer legal protection against ecommerce fraud and cross-border dispute resolution mechanisms. The research method used is a socio-legal approach with a normative analysis of legislation and empirical studies, reinforced by a comparative approach to policies in Thailand and Singapore. The results showed that although Indonesia already has a legal framework through the Consumer Protection Law, the Electronic Information and Transaction Law, and Government Regulations on Trading Through Electronic Systems, its implementation is still reactive and has not been effective in reaching cross-border perpetrators. The main obstacles included jurisdictional issues, limitations in digital evidence, and weak administrative authority and cross-border coordination.