Antifungal Potential of Pineapple Rind and Foliage Crown (Ananas comosus L. Merr) Waste Extracts Against Dermatophyte and Non-Dermatophyte Fungi

Latar Belakang: Infeksi jamur (mikosis) merupakan masalah kesehatan yang umum di Indonesia karena kondisi iklim tropis yang mendukung pertumbuhan jamur. Infeksi ini umumnya diklasifikasikan menjadi dermatofitosis dan non-dermatofitosis, yang biasa diobati menggunakan antijamur sintetis seperti ketokonazol yang dapat menimbulkan efek samping.
Oleh karena itu, diperlukan alternatif alami yang lebih aman. Limbah kulit dan mahkota daun nanas (Ananas comosus L. Merr) yang biasanya dibuang sebagai limbah pertanian mengandung senyawa bioaktif dengan potensi aktivitas antifungi, meliputi flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, dan tanin. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antifungi dari ekstrak etanol limbah kulit dan mahkota daun nanas terhadap jamur Trichophyton rubrum dan Aspergillus niger. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental ini menggunakan metode difusi cakram Kirby-Bauer dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 25%, 50%, dan 75%, serta kontrol negatif (0%) dan kontrol positif (ketokonazol). Hasil: Baik ekstrak kulit maupun mahkota daun nanas mampu menghambat pertumbuhan T. rubrum dan A. niger. Konsentrasi 75% menunjukkan zona
hambat terbesar, yang mengindikasikan efektivitas antifungi tertinggi. Kesimpulan: Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa limbah kulit dan mahkota daun nanas berpotensi sebagai agen antifungi alami.
Kata Kunci: Ananas comosus L. Merr; Aspergillus niger; Dermatofit; Mikosis; Non-dermatofit; Trichophyton rubrum.

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Background: Fungal infections (mycoses) are common health problems in Indonesia, where tropical climatic conditions favor fungal growth. These infections are generally classified into dermatophytosis and non-dermatophytosis and are commonly treated using synthetic antifungal agents such as ketoconazole, which may cause adverse effects. Therefore, safer natural alternatives are needed. Pineapple rind and foliage crown (Ananas comosusL. Merr), which are typically discarded as agricultural waste, contain bioactive compounds
with potential antifungal activity, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of ethanol extracts from pineapple rind and foliage crown waste against Trichophyton rubrum and Aspergillus niger. Methods: An experimental study was conducted using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method with extract
concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75%, along with negative (0%) and positive (ketoconazole) controls. Results: Bothpineapple rind and foliage crown extracts inhibited the growth of T. rubrum and A. niger. The 75% concentration exhibited the largest inhibition zones, indicating the highest antifungal effectiveness. Conclusion: These findings suggest that pineapple rind and foliage crown waste have potential as natural antifungal agents.
Keywords: Ananas comosus L. Merr; Aspergillus niger; Dermatophyte; Mycosis; non-dermatophyte; Trichophyton rubrum.