Profil Bakteri pada Penderita Pneumonia di RSUD dr. Mohamad Soewandhie Surabaya

Pneumonia merupakan infeksi pada parenkim paru yang masih menjadi salah satu penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas di dunia. Identifikasi bakteri penyebab pneumonia sangat penting untuk mendukung penegakan diagnosis, pemilihan terapi antibiotik yang tepat, serta upaya pengendalian infeksi di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil bakteri pada penderita pneumonia berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan kultur sputum di RSUD dr. Mohamad Soewandhie Surabaya tahun 2025. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan retrospektif. Data diperoleh dari hasil kultur sputum pasien yang didiagnosis pneumonia di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi RSUD dr. Mohamad Soewandhie Surabaya selama periode Januari–Desember 2025. Sampel penelitian terdiri atas 78 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Variabel yang diamati adalah jenis bakteri yang teridentifikasi pada kultur sputum. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk distribusi frekuensi dan persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 150 isolat bakteri yang berhasil diidentifikasi, bakteri yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah Klebsiella pneumoniae sebanyak 31 isolat (20,67%), diikuti Staphylococcus aureus sebanyak 30 isolat (20,00%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa sebanyak 27 isolat (18,00%), Acinetobacter baumannii sebanyak 19 isolat (12,67%), dan Escherichia coli sebanyak 17 isolat (11,33%). Selain itu, ditemukan bakteri lain dengan frekuensi yang lebih rendah, seperti Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter cloacae complex, dan Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Secara umum, bakteri Gram negatif mendominasi hasil kultur sputum pasien pneumonia. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Klebsiella pneumoniae merupakan bakteri yang paling dominan ditemukan pada penderita pneumonia di RSUD dr. Mohamad Soewandhie Surabaya tahun 2025.
Kata kunci: Pneumonia, kultur sputum, profil bakteri, Klebsiella pneumoniae, infeksi saluran pernapasan.

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Pneumonia is an infection of the lung parenchyma that remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Identifying the bacteria causing pneumonia is crucial for establishing a diagnosis, selecting appropriate antibiotic therapy, and implementing hospital infection control measures. This study aimed to determine the bacterial profile of pneumonia patients based on sputum culture results at RSUD Dr. Mohamad Soewandhie, Surabaya, in 2025. This was a descriptive study using a retrospective approach. Data were obtained from sputum culture results of patients diagnosed with pneumonia at the Microbiology Laboratory of RSUD Dr. Mohamad Soewandhie, Surabaya, during the period of January–December 2025. The study sample consisted of 78 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The variable observed was the type of bacteria identified in the sputum cultures. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented as frequency distributions and percentages. The results showed that out of 150 successfully identified bacterial isolates, the most frequently found bacterium was Klebsiella pneumoniae (31 isolates; 20.67%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (30 isolates; 20.00%),
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (27 isolates; 18.00%), Acinetobacter baumannii (19 isolates; 12.67%), and Escherichia coli (17 isolates; 11.33%). Additionally, other bacteria were found at lower frequencies, such as Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter cloacae complex, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Overall, Gram-negative bacteria dominated the sputum culture results of pneumonia patients. Based on the study findings, it can be concluded that Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most dominant bacterium found in pneumonia patients at RSUD Dr. Mohamad Soewandhie at 2025.
Keywords: Pneumonia, sputum culture, bacterial profile, Klebsiella pneumoniae, respiratory tract infection.