Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Afrika (Vernonia amygdalina Delile) terhadap Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) secara in vitro

Daun Afrika (Vernonia amygdalina) merupakan tanaman dari famili Asteraceae yang diketahui mengandung berbagai senyawa metabolit sekunder, antara lain flavonoid, tanin, saponin, terpenoid, dan senyawa seskuiterpen lakton seperti vernodalin dan vernodalol, yang berpotensi sebagai agen antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun Afrika terhadap Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) secara in vitro, menentukan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM), serta menetapkan rasio potensi ekstrak dibandingkan dengan antibiotik pembanding vancomycin. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratoris menggunakan metode difusi agar. Ekstrak etanol daun Afrika diuji pada konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 40%, 50%, 60%, dan 80%. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun Afrika memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap MRSA, dengan diameter zona hambat berturut-turut sebesar 10,50 ± 0,76 mm, 14,07 ± 0,71 mm, 17,07 ± 0,04 mm, 19,15 ± 0,04 mm, 20,30 ± 0,14 mm, dan 23,22 ± 0,16 mm. Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) ekstrak ditetapkan pada konsentrasi 10%. Penetapan KHM vancomycin menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri mulai efektif pada konsentrasi 1 ppm dengan diameter zona hambat 9,87 ± 0,07 mm. Penentuan rasio potensi menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun Afrika memiliki nilai rasio potensi sebesar 100,2% terhadap vancomycin. Kurva rasio potensi menunjukkan hubungan linear antara konsentrasi dan diameter zona hambat dengan nilai koefisien determinasi yang tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ekstrak etanol daun Afrika berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai alternatif antibakteri alami terhadap MRSA.

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African leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) is a medicinal plant belonging to the Asteraceae family and is known to contain various secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and sesquiterpene lactones such as vernodalin and vernodalol, which contribute to its antibacterial potential. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of African leaf against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and assess the potency ratio of the extract compared to vancomycin as a reference antibiotic. This research was conducted as a laboratory-based experimental study using the agar diffusion method. The ethanol extract of African leaf was tested at concentrations of 10%, 20%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 80%. The results demonstrated that the ethanol extract exhibited antibacterial activity against MRSA, with inhibition zone diameters of 10,50 ± 0,76 mm, 14,07 ± 0,71 mm, 17,07 ± 0,04 mm, 19,15 ± 0,04 mm, 20,30 ± 0,14 mm, dan 23,22 ± 0,16 mm, respectively. The MIC of the extract was determined at a concentration of 10%. Vancomycin showed antibacterial activity starting at a concentration of 1 ppm, producing an inhibition zone diameter of 9.87 ± 0.07 mm. Potency ratio analysis revealed that the ethanol extract of African leaf had a potency ratio of 100.2% relative to vancomycin. The potency ratio curve demonstrated a strong linear relationship between concentration and inhibition zone diameter, indicating reliable antibacterial activity. Based on these findings, the ethanol extract of African leaf has potential to be developed as a natural antibacterial agent against MRSA.