Asuhan Keperawatan Medikal Bedah pada Pasien CVA dengan Risiko Perfusi Serebral Tidak Efektif di RSI Darus Syifa’ Surabaya

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) infark merupakan gangguan aliran darah ke otak akibat
sumbatan pembuluh darah yang menyebabkan berkurangnya suplai darah ke jaringan otak dan
dapat menimbulkan kelemahan anggota gerak. Kondisi ini memerlukan asuhan keperawatan yang
tepat untuk mempertahankan perfusi serebral dan mencegah komplikasi. Tujuan karya tulis ilmiah
ini adalah memperoleh pengalaman nyata dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan medikal bedah
pada pasien CVA infark dengan masalah risiko perfusi serebral tidak efektif di RS Darus Syifa’
Surabaya.
Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus pada
dua pasien, yaitu Tn. E dan Tn. S. Asuhan keperawatan dilakukan selama 3×24 jam melalui tahap
pengkajian, diagnosis, intervensi, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Data dikumpulkan melalui
wawancara, observasi, pemeriksaan fisik, dan studi dokumentasi.
Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan kedua pasien memiliki riwayat hipertensi, mengalami
kelemahan anggota gerak, dan hasil CT-Scan mengonfirmasi diagnosis CVA infark. Intervensi
meliputi pemantauan status neurologis dan tanda vital, posisi kepala 30°, manajemen lingkungan,
teknik relaksasi napas dalam, edukasi pasien dan keluarga, serta kolaborasi terapi medis. Setelah
dilakukan asuhan keperawatan selama 3×24 jam, kondisi kedua pasien mengalami perbaikan
bertahap, ditandai dengan stabilnya kesadaran dan tekanan darah, berkurangnya pusing pada Tn.
E, berkurangnya kebas dan kesemutan pada Tn. S, serta meningkatnya kemampuan aktivitas.

======================================================================================

ABSTRACT
MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING CARE FOR CVA PATIENTS
WITH INEFFECTIVE CEREBRAL PERFUSION RISK AT
RSI DARUS SYIFA’ SURABAYA
By: Vina Oktavia
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) due to infarction is a disruption of blood flow to the
brain caused by a vascular blockage, resulting in reduced blood supply to brain tissue and
potentially causing limb weakness. This condition requires appropriate nursing care to maintain
cerebral perfusion and prevent complications. The objective of this scientific paper is to gain
practical experience in providing medical-surgical nursing care for infarction CVA patients with
ineffective cerebral perfusion risk at RSI Darus Syifa’ Surabaya.
The method employed was descriptive research using a case study approach involving
two patients: Mr. E and Mr. S. Nursing care was administered over a period of 3×24 hours,
encompassing the stages of assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and evaluation.
Data were collected through interviews, observation, physical examinations, and document
review.
Assessment results indicated that both patients had a history of hypertension and
experienced limb weakness; CT scan results confirmed the diagnosis of CVA infarction.
Interventions included monitoring neurological status and vital signs, maintaining a 30° head
elevation, environmental management, deep breathing relaxation techniques, patient and family
education, and collaboration on medical therapy. Following the 3×24 hours of nursing care, both
patients showed gradual improvement, evidenced by stabilized consciousness and blood pressure,
reduced dizziness in Mr. E, decreased numbness and tingling in Mr. S, and improved functional
ability.