Asuhan Keperawatan dengan Gangguan Mobilitas Fisik pada Lansia Osteoarthritis di Panti Werdha Hargo Dedali Surabaya

Pendahuluan: Osteoarthritis merupakan penyakit degeneratif sendi yang dapat menyebabkan nyeri, kekakuan, dan keterbatasan gerak. Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan di Panti Werdha Hargo Dedali Surabaya, terdapat 15 lansia (37,5%) yang mengalami gangguan mobilitas fisik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memberikan asuhan keperawatan pada lansia osteoarthritis dengan masalah gangguan mobilitas fisik.
Metode penelitian: Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus melalui proses keperawatan yang meliputi pengkajian, diagnosis, perencanaan, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 2 lansia berusia di atas 60 tahun dengan osteoarthritis dan gangguan mobilitas fisik. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, pemeriksaan fisik, dan dokumentasi selama 3 hari.
Hasil: Setelah dilakukan intervensi dukungan mobilisasi berupa latihan Range of Motion (ROM), kompres hangat, massage ringan, dan relaksasi napas dalam selama 3 hari, kedua pasien menunjukkan peningkatan rentang gerak, penurunan nyeri, lebih rileks, dan mampu melakukan latihan ROM secara mandiri. Pada Ny. MA, fleksi/ekstensi panggul meningkat dari 70°/5° menjadi 80°/10° dan lutut dari 70°/10° menjadi 80°/5°. Pada Ny. MY, rentang gerak panggul dan lutut juga mengalami peningkatan.
Pembahasan: Masalah gangguan mobilitas fisik pada Ny. MA teratasi sebagian, sedangkan pada Ny. MY belum teratasi sepenuhnya. Intervensi dukungan mobilisasi perlu dipertahankan dan dilanjutkan untuk meningkatkan mobilitas dan kemampuan aktivitas sehari-hari.

Kata Kunci: Asuhan Keperawatan, Osteoarthritis, Gangguan Mobilitas Fisik

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Introduction: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that can cause pain, stiffness, and limited movement. A preliminary study at Hargo Dedali Nursing Home, Surabaya, identified 15 elderly residents (37.5%) suffering from impaired physical mobility. The objective of this study was to provide nursing care to elderly patients with osteoarthritis experiencing impaired physical mobility.
Research Methods: This study employed a descriptive method with a case study approach, utilizing the nursing process:assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The study subjects consisted of two elderly individuals over the age of 60 diagnosed with osteoarthritis and impaired physical mobility. Data collection was conducted over three days through interviews, observations, physical examinations, and documentation reviews.
Results: Following mobility support interventions—comprising Range of Motion (ROM) exercises, warm compresses, light massage, and deep breathing relaxation—over a three-day period, both patients demonstrated improved range of motion, reduced pain, increased relaxation, and the ability to perform ROM exercises independently. For Mrs. MA, hip flexion/extension improved from 70°/5° to 80°/10°, and knee flexion/extension improved from 70°/10° to 80°/5°. Mrs. MY also showed improvements in hip and knee range of motion.
Discussion: The issue of impaired physical mobility was partially resolved for Mrs. MA, whereas for Mrs. MY, it was not yet fully resolved. Mobility support interventions should be maintained and continued to enhance mobility and the ability to perform activities of daily living.