Asuhan Keperawatan Anak dengan Masalah Keperawatan Defisit Nutrisi pada Pasien Demam Tifoid di Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Surabaya

Pendahuluan: Demam tifoid merupakan penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Salmonella Typhi dan dapat menimbulkan gangguan saluran pencernaan, seperti penurunan nafsu makan, mual, muntah, dan diare. Kondisi tersebut dapat menyebabkan asupan nutrisi tidak mencukupi kebutuhan tubuh sehingga memunculkan masalah keperawatan Defisit Nutrisi.
Tujuan: Menyajikan asuhan keperawatan pada anak dengan masalah keperawatan Defisit Nutrisi pada pasien demam tifoid di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Surabaya.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus pada dua pasien anak dengan demam tifoid dan masalah keperawatan Defisit Nutrisi. Asuhan keperawatan meliputi pengkajian, diagnosis, perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Pelaksanaan dilakukan pada An. R tanggal 19–22 Juni 2026 dan An. M tanggal 01–03 Juli 2026. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, pemeriksaan fisik, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif..
Hasil: Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan Kedua pasien mengalami penurunan nafsu makan, asupan nutrisi tidak adekuat, dan kelemahan. Berat badan An. R menurun dari 11 kg menjadi 10,3 kg (selisih 0,7 kg atau 6,4%), sedangkan An. M dari 13,2 kg menjadi 11,4 kg (selisih 1,8 kg atau 13,6 %),. Setelah diberikan Manajemen Nutrisi selama 3×24 jam, kedua pasien menunjukkan peningkatan nafsu makan, mampu menghabiskan satu porsi makanan, dan mengalami peningkatan berat badan. Berat badan An. R menjadi 10,7 kg dan An. M menjadi 12,4 kg. Masalah Defisit Nutrisi dinyatakan teratasi.
Kesimpulan: Penerapan proses keperawatan secara komprehensif melalui Manajemen Nutrisi dapat membantu meningkatkan asupan makanan, memperbaiki status nutrisi, dan mendukung proses pemulihan anak dengan demam tifoid.

==============================================================================================

Introduction: Typhoid fever is an infectious disease caused by Salmonella Typhi that can lead to gastrointestinal disturbances, such as decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. These conditions can result in nutritional intake falling short of the body’s requirements, thereby giving rise to the nursing diagnosis of nutritional deficit.
Objective: To present nursing care for pediatric patients with typhoid fever experiencing a nutritional deficit at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital, Surabaya. Methods: This study employed a descriptive design using a case study approach involving two pediatric patients with typhoid fever and a nutritional deficit. The nursing care process encompassed assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Implementation was carried out for Patient R from June 19–22, 2026, and Patient M from July 1–3, 2026. The data were collected through interviews, observation, physical examinations, and documentation, followed by descriptive analysis.
Results: Assessment results indicated that both patients experienced decreased appetite, inadequate nutritional intake, and weakness. Patient R’s weight decreased from 11 kg to 10.3 kg (a difference of 0.7 kg or 6.4%), while Patient M’s weight dropped from 13.2 kg to 11.4 kg (a difference of 1.8 kg or 13.6%). Following the administration of Nutritional Management interventions over a 72-hour period (3 × 24 hours), both patients showed improved appetite, were able to consume a full portion of food, and gained weight. Patient R’s weight increased to 10.7 kg, and Patient M’s weight increased to 12.4 kg. The nutritional deficit problem was resolved.
Conclusion: Comprehensive implementation of the nursing process through nutritional management can help increase food intake, improve nutritional status, and support the recovery process of children with typhoid fever.
Keywords: Typhoid Fever, Nutritional Deficit, Pediatric Nursing Care