Analisis Maqashid Syariah pada Program Student Company Berbasis Saham di SMA Alam Insan Mulia Surabaya

Program student company merupakan model pembelajaran kewirausahaan berbasis pengalaman (experiential learning) yang mengintegrasikan praktik bisnis riil dengan penguatan karakter dan literasi keuangan peserta didik. Di SMA Alam Insan Mulia Surabaya, program ini dikembangkan melalui skema Student Investment, yaitu penghimpunan modal berbasis saham dari peserta didik, guru, dan orang tua untuk menjalankan perusahaan yang dikelola oleh siswa. Model ini tidak hanya memberikan pengalaman berwirausaha, tetapi juga menghadirkan praktik investasi yang relevan untuk dianalisis berdasarkan perspektif maqāṣid al-syarī’ah dalam Hukum Ekonomi Syariah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi program student company, menganalisisnya berdasarkan perspektif maqāṣid al-syarī’ah, serta mengkaji dampaknya terhadap pembentukan karakter peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, kuesioner terbuka, dan analisis dokumen investasi. Selanjutnya, data dianalisis secara komprehensif dengan mengintegrasikan temuan lapangan dan konsep maqāṣid al-syarī’ah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program student company dilaksanakan melalui pembentukan struktur organisasi perusahaan siswa, penghimpunan modal melalui skema student investment, pengelolaan usaha, penyusunan laporan keuangan, dan pembagian dividen. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa implementasi program telah merepresentasikan tujuan maqāṣid al-syarī’ah, yaitu perlindungan agama melalui terpenuhi rukun akad syirkah dan etika bisnis Islam, perlindungan jiwa melalui mekanisme investasi yang aman dan transparan, perlindungan harta melalui pengelolaan investasi yang profesional, akuntabel, dan berbasis bagi hasil, perlindungan akal melalui pengembangan kemampuan berpikir kritis, kepemimpinan, komunikasi, kreativitas, problem solving, dan literasi keuangan, serta perlindungan keturunan melalui pembentukan karakter tanggung jawab, kerja sama, profesionalisme, kejujuran, kemandirian, disiplin, dan kepemimpinan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa program student company melalui skema student investment tidak hanya efektif sebagai model pembelajaran kewirausahaan berbasis praktik, tetapi juga menjadi media implementasi nilai-nilai maqāṣid al-syarī’ah dalam pendidikan. Program ini berkontribusi terhadap pengembangan model pendidikan kewirausahaan syariah yang mengintegrasikan investasi, tata kelola usaha, pendidikan karakter, dan etika bisnis Islam di tingkat sekolah menengah.
Kata Kunci: student company, student investment, maqāṣid al-syarī’ah, musyārakah, hukum ekonomi syariah.

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The student company program is an experiential learning-based entrepreneurship education model that integrates real business practices with character development and financial literacy among students. At SMA Alam Insan Mulia Surabaya, the program is implemented through the Student investment scheme, in which students, teachers, and parents invest capital through share ownership to establish and operate student-managed companies. This model not only provides students with practical entrepreneurial experience but also offers an investment mechanism that can be analyzed from the perspective of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah within the framework of Islamic Economic Law. This study aims to describe the implementation of the Student Company Program, analyze its implementation from the perspective of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, and examine its impact on students' character development. This research employed a qualitative approach using a case study design. Data were collected through interviews, observations, documentation, open-ended questionnaires, and investment document analysis. The collected data were then analyzed comprehensively by integrating empirical findings with the principles of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. The findings reveal that the Student Company Program is implemented through the establishment of a student-managed corporate organizational structure, capital mobilization under the Student investment scheme, business operations, financial reporting, and dividend distribution. The analysis indicates that the program reflects the objectives of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. The protection of religion (ḥifẓ al-dīn) is demonstrated through the fulfillment of the essential elements of the musyārakah contract and the application of Islamic business ethics. The protection of life (ḥifẓ al-nafs) is reflected in a safe, transparent, and educational investment mechanism. The protection of wealth (ḥifẓ al-māl) is realized through professional, accountable, and profit-sharing-based investment management. The protection of intellect (ḥifẓ al-‘aql) is fostered through the development of critical thinking, leadership, communication, creativity, problem-solving, and financial literacy. Meanwhile, the protection of progeny (ḥifẓ al-nasl) is reflected in the development of students' character, including responsibility, teamwork, professionalism, honesty, independence, discipline, and leadership. This study concludes that the Student Company Program, implemented through the Student investment scheme, is not only an effective practice-based entrepreneurship learning model but also serves as a medium for implementing the values of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah in education. Furthermore, the program contributes to the development of a Sharia-based entrepreneurship education model that integrates investment, business governance, character education, and Islamic business ethics at the secondary school level.
Keywords: Student Company, Student Investment, maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, musyārakah, Islamic Economic Law.