Studi Efektivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol 70% dan Etanol 96% Daun Murbei Hitam (Morus nigra L.) terhadap Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus secara in vitro

Diva, Nabilah Fara (2026) Studi Efektivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol 70% dan Etanol 96% Daun Murbei Hitam (Morus nigra L.) terhadap Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus secara in vitro. Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya.

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Abstract

Daun murbei hitam mengandung senyawa aktif yaitu flavonoid, tannin, polifenol dan terpenoid yang mempunyai peran sebagai antioksidan dan antibakteri . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol 70% dan etanol 96% daun murbei hitam terhadap MRSA secara in vitro, serta menentukan rasio potensi kedua ekstrak tersebut dibandingkan dengan vancomycin sebagai antibiotik pembanding. Ekstrak diperoleh melalui proses ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% dan etanol 96%, selanjutnya diuji aktivitas antibakterinya menggunakan metode difusi sumuran pada media Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kedua ekstrak mampu menghambat pertumbuhan MRSA yang ditandai dengan terbentuknya zona hambat yang meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi. Ekstrak etanol 70% menghasilkan diameter zona hambat rata-rata sebesar 9,30 ± 0,42 mm pada konsentrasi 10% dan mencapai diameter maksimum sebesar 13,63 ± 0,18 mm pada konsentrasi 80%, sedangkan ekstrak etanol 96% menunjukkan diameter zona hambat rata-rata sebesar 8,35 ± 0,42 mm pada konsentrasi 10% dan meningkat hingga 12,23 ± 0,53 mm pada konsentrasi 80%. Hasil analisis perbandingan menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 70% memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan ekstrak etanol 96%. Penetapan rasio potensi menggunakan metode blok rawu menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 70% memiliki rasio potensi sebesar 101,37%, sedangkan ekstrak etanol 96% sebesar 97,68% terhadap vancomycin. Kedua nilai tersebut berada dalam rentang keabsahan yang dipersyaratkan oleh Farmakope Indonesia Edisi VI (2020), sehingga hasil penetapan potensi dinyatakan valid. Ekstrak etanol 70% dan etanol 96% daun murbei hitam berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai agen antibakteri alami terhadap MRSA, dengan efektivitas yang lebih tinggi ditunjukkan oleh ekstrak etanol 70%.

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Black mulberry leaves contain active compounds, namely flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, and terpenoids, which act as antioxidants and antibacterials. This study aims to prove the antibacterial activity of 70% ethanol and 96% ethanol extracts of black mulberry leaves against MRSA in vitro, as well as to determine the potency ratio of the two extracts compared to vancomycin as a comparative antibiotic. The extracts were obtained through an extraction process using 70% ethanol and 96% ethanol solvents, then tested for antibacterial activity using the well diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA). The test results showed that both extracts were able to inhibit MRSA growth, as indicated by the formation of inhibition zones that increased with increasing concentrations. The 70% ethanol extract produced an average inhibition zone diameter of 9.30 ± 0.42 mm at a concentration of 10% and reached a maximum diameter of 13.63 ± 0.18 mm at a concentration of 80%, while the 96% ethanol extract showed an average inhibition zone diameter of 8.35 ± 0.42 mm at a concentration of 10% and increased to 12.23 ± 0.53 mm at a concentration of 80%. The results of the comparative analysis showed that the 70% ethanol extract had higher antibacterial activity than the 96% ethanol extract. The determination of potency ratio using the rawu block method shows that 70% ethanol extract has a potency ratio of 101.37%, while 96% ethanol extract has a potency ratio of 97.68% against vancomycin. Both values are within the validity range required by the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia Edition VI (2020), so the potency determination results are declared valid. The 70% ethanol extract and 96% ethanol extract of black mulberry leaves have the potential to be developed as natural antibacterial agents against MRSA, with the 70% ethanol extract showing higher effectiveness.

Item Type: Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Morus nigra L., MRSA, ekstrak etanol 70%, ekstrak etanol 96%, rasio potensi, Morus nigra L., MRSA, ethanol 70% extract, ethanol 96% extract, potency ratio
Subjects: Q Science > QR Microbiology
Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR180 Immunology
Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR355 Virology
Divisions: 04. Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan > Farmasi
Depositing User: Nabilah Fara Diva
Date Deposited: 01 Oct 2026 02:31
Last Modified: 01 Oct 2026 02:31
URI: https://repository.um-surabaya.ac.id/id/eprint/14595

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