Advokasi Posbakum ‘Aisyiyah Surabaya dalam Memperluas Access to Justice bagi Perempuan Pasca Perceraian

Perempuan pasca perceraian masih menghadapi hambatan dalam memperoleh hak nafkah, baik karena keterbatasan ekonomi, rendahnya pengetahuan hukum, tekanan psikologis, maupun lemahnya pelaksanaan putusan pengadilan. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa akses terhadap keadilan tidak cukup dipahami sebagai kesempatan mengajukan perkara ke pengadilan, tetapi juga sebagai kemampuan memperoleh pemulihan hak secara nyata. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bentuk advokasi Posbakum ‘Aisyiyah Kota Surabaya dalam membantu pemenuhan hak nafkah perempuan pasca perceraian serta perannya dalam memperluas access to justice. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan Ketua Posbakum ‘Aisyiyah Surabaya sekaligus advokat dan dua klien penerima layanan; sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan, peraturan perundang-undangan, artikel jurnal, serta dokumentasi kelembagaan. Data dianalisis menggunakan model interaktif Miles, Huberman, dan Saldaña, lalu ditafsirkan dengan teori Access to Justice Mauro Cappelletti dan Bryant Garth. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa advokasi Posbakum ‘Aisyiyah dilakukan melalui konsultasi hukum, pendampingan nonlitigasi dan litigasi, mediasi, negosiasi, edukasi hukum, serta jejaring antarlembaga. Advokasi tersebut membantu mengurangi hambatan ekonomi melalui layanan pro bono, meningkatkan kesadaran hukum perempuan, memberikan dukungan psikologis, dan membuka akses terhadap mekanisme hukum lanjutan ketika putusan tidak dilaksanakan secara sukarela. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada kajian empiris atas praktik advokasi lembaga bantuan hukum berbasis komunitas keagamaan perempuan, yang memperluas kajian access to justice hingga tahap pelaksanaan putusan, bukan hanya sampai perolehan putusan pengadilan. Dengan demikian, Posbakum ‘Aisyiyah berperan sebagai jembatan akses keadilan yang tidak hanya mendampingi proses peradilan, tetapi juga memberdayakan perempuan untuk memperjuangkan hak-haknya pasca perceraian.

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Women post-divorce continue to face obstacles in securing their rights to maintenance (financial support), whether due to economic constraints, limited legal knowledge, psychological pressure, or the weak enforcement of court rulings. These conditions demonstrate that access to justice should not be understood merely as the opportunity to file a case in court but also as the ability to achieve tangible redress for one’s rights. This study aims to analyze the forms of advocacy undertaken by Posbakum ‘Aisyiyah Surabaya to assist women in securing post-divorce maintenance rights and to examine its role in expanding access to justice. This is an empirical legal study employing a qualitative approach. Primary data were obtained through interviews with the Head of Posbakum ‘Aisyiyah Surabaya (who is also an advocate) and two service-receiving clients, while secondary data were gathered through literature reviews, analysis of legislation and regulations, journal articles, and institutional documentation. Data were analyzed using the interactive model developed by Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña and interpreted through the lens of Mauro Cappelletti and Bryant Garth’s Access to Justice theory. The findings indicate that Posbakum ‘Aisyiyah’s advocacy is conducted through legal consultation, non-litigation and litigation support, mediation, negotiation, legal education, and inter-institutional networking. This advocacy helps mitigate economic barriers through pro bono services, raises women’s legal awareness, provides psychological support, and opens access to further legal mechanisms when court rulings are not voluntarily enforced. The novelty of this research lies in its empirical examination of advocacy practices by a women’s religious community-based legal aid organization, extending the study of access to justice beyond the mere obtaining of a court ruling to the crucial stage of judgment enforcement. Thus, Posbakum ‘Aisyiyah acts as a bridge to justice, not only accompanying women through judicial proceedings but also empowering them to assert their rights following a divorce.