Optimasi Rasio Konsentrasi Ekstrak Daun Binahong Merah dan Binahong Hijau dalam Formulasi Masker Emulgel Peel-Off sebagai Antijerawat (Pengujian Karakteristik Fisik, Stabilitas, dan Aktivitas Antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990)

Sari, Leviana Nurlita (2026) Optimasi Rasio Konsentrasi Ekstrak Daun Binahong Merah dan Binahong Hijau dalam Formulasi Masker Emulgel Peel-Off sebagai Antijerawat (Pengujian Karakteristik Fisik, Stabilitas, dan Aktivitas Antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990). Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya.

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Abstract

Jerawat (acne vulgaris) merupakan penyakit kulit yang banyak diderita, dengan Staphylococcus epidermidis sebagai salah satu bakteri penyebabnya. Meningkatnya resistensi terhadap antibiotik topikal mendorong pencarian bahan aktif alami sebagai alternatif terapi. Ekstrak daun binahong merah dan binahong hijau berpotensi digunakan karena mengandung flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin dan saponin yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan rasio optimum ekstrak daun binahong merah dan hijau dalam formulasi masker emulgel peel-off, serta mengevaluasi karakteristik fisik, stabilitas, dan aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990. Penelitian eksperimental laboratorium ini menggunakan tiga formula dengan rasio ekstrak 2:1 (F1), 1:1 (F2), dan 1:2 (F3), serta kontrol negatif (basis tanpa ekstrak) dan kontrol positif (klindamisin 1%). Evaluasi meliputi organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, viskositas, daya sebar, waktu mengering, uji stabilitas dipercepat (40±2°C, RH 75±5%, selama 90 hari), dan uji aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode difusi sumuran. Hasil menunjukkan seluruh formula memenuhi persyaratan karakteristik fisik sediaan topikal dan tetap stabil secara organoleptis hingga hari ke-90, meskipun nilai pH seluruh formula meningkat melebihi rentang persyaratan selama masa penyimpanan. Uji Kruskal-Wallis menunjukkan perbedaan aktivitas antibakteri yang bermakna antar kelompok (p=0,012), dengan F3 menghasilkan zona hambat terbesar (9,57 ± 0,10 mm, kategori sedang) dan nilai KHM terendah (2,5%) dibandingkan F1 dan F2. Berdasarkan seluruh parameter, F3 dengan rasio 1:2 ditetapkan sebagai formula optimum dan semakin tinggi proporsi ekstrak binahong hijau dalam formulasi, semakin baik aktivitas antibakteri masker emulgel peel-off yang dihasilkan.

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Acne vulgaris is widely suffered skin disease, with Staphylococcus epidermidis as one of its causative bacteria. The rising resistance to topical antibiotics has driven the search for natural active ingredients as alternative therapies. Red binahong and green binahong leaf extracts are potentially useful because they contain flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponins with antibacterial activity. This study aimed to determine the optimum ratio of red binahong and green binahong leaf extracts in a peel-off emulgel mask formulation, and to evaluate its physical characteristics, stability and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990. This laboratory experimental study used three formulas with extract ratios of 2:1 (F1), 1:1 (F2), and 1:2 (F3), along with negative control (base without extract) and a positive control (1% clindamycin). Evaluation included organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, drying time, accelerated stabilty testing (40±2°C, 75±5% RH, for 90 days), and antibacterial activity testing using the well diffusion method. Results showed that all formulas met the physical characteristic requirements for topical preparations and remained organoleptically stable up to day 90. However, the pH of all formulas increase beyond the required range during storage. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference in antibacterial activity between groups (p=0,012), with F3 producing the largest inhibition zone (9.57 ± 0.10 mm, moderate category) and the lowest MIC value (2.5%) compared to F1 and F2. Based on all parameters, F3 (1:2 ratio) was determined to be the optimum formula, and the higher the proportion of green binahong extract in the formulation, the better the antibacterial activity of the resulting peel-off emulgel mask.

Item Type: Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Binahong merah, Binahong hijau, Masker emulgel pee-off, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Aktivitas antibakteri, Red binahong, Green binahong, Peel-Off emulgel mask, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Antibacterial activity.
Subjects: Q Science > QR Microbiology
R Medicine > RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
R Medicine > RS Pharmacy and materia medica
Divisions: 04. Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan > Farmasi
Depositing User: LEVIANA NURLITA SARI
Date Deposited: 06 Oct 2026 04:34
Last Modified: 06 Oct 2026 04:34
URI: https://repository.um-surabaya.ac.id/id/eprint/14731

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