Standardisasi Simplisia dan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) yang Diekstraksi dengan Metode Digesti pada Suhu dan Tekanan Rendah

Daun salam atau (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) adalah salah satu tanaman obat-obatan yang banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Pemanfaatanya berkaitan dengan adanya berbagai senyawa aktif seperti flavonoid, tanin, dan minyak atsiri yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan, antidiabetes, dan antiinflamasi. Bahan baku obat herbal harus dijaga keamanan dan mutunya dengan melakukan proses standardisasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan guna mengevaluasi parameter mutu spesifik dan nonspesifik simplisia serta ekstrak etanol 70% daun salam. Sampel daun salam didapatkan dari kawasan yang terletak pada ketinggian 1.000 ±1.200 mdpl dengan kondisi iklim dan tanah yang optimal. Pengujian parameter mutu simplisia daun salam telah memenuhi syarat berdasarkan FHI Edisi II Tahun 2017, dengan nilai susut pengeringan simplisia 7,5%, kadar sari larut air 15%, kadar sari larut etanol 20,43%, kadar abu total 0,05%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,04%, dan kadar flavonoid total simplisia 0,909%. Serbuk simplisia daun salam diekstraksi menggunakan etanol 70%. Metode digesti tekanan rendah dilakukan selama 3 jam dengan suhu terkontrol dan pengadukan kontinu, menghasilkan ekstrak kental 124,1 g dengan rendemen sebesar 12,41%. Parameter mutu ekstrak menunjukkan hasil susut pengeringan 10,40%, kadar abu total 0,35%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,20%, Rf kromatografi lapis tipis 0,6625, kadar flavonoid total ekstrak 3,841%, dan hasil uji cemaran mikroba menunjukan parameter mutu memenuhi persyaratan FHI tahun 2017, kecuali parameter susut pengeringan ekstrak. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa daun salam yang berasal dari Desa Ngroto berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku obat alami.

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Indonesian bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) are medicinal plants commonly used by the public due to their active compounds, such as flavonoids, tannins, and essential oils, with potential antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The safety and quality of herbal medicine raw materials must be ensured through a standardization process. This study was conducted to evaluate the specific and nonspecific quality parameters of simplicia and 70% ethanol extract of Indonesian bay leaves. The Indonesian Bay leaf samples were obtained from an area located at an altitude of 1,000 ± 1,200 meters above sea level with optimal climate and soil conditions. The quality parameters of Indonesian bay leaf simplicia have met the requirements set forth in the 2017 FHI Edition II of FHI, with a drying shrinkage value of 7.5%, water-soluble extract content of 15%, ethanol-soluble extract content of 20.43%, total ash content of 0.05%, acid-insoluble ash content of 0,04%, and total flavonoid content of 0.909%. The Indonesian Bay leaf simplicia powder was extracted using 70% ethanol as the solvent. The low-pressure digestion method was carried out for 3 hours at a controlled temperature and with continuous stirring, yielding a thick extract of 124.1 g with a yield of 12.41%. The extract quality parameters showed a drying loss value of 10.40%, a total ash content of 0.35%, an acid-insoluble ash content of 0.20%, a thin layer chromatography Rf value of 0.6625, a total flavonoid content of 3.841%, and the results of the microbial contamination test showed that the quality parameters met the FHI requirements in 2017, except for the extract drying loss parameter. The results show that Indonesian bay leaves from Ngroto Village have the potential to be used as raw materials for natural medicines.