Analisis Efisiensi Pengendalian Obat dengan Metode ABC–FSN yang Dikombinasikan dengan Metode EOQ di RSUD Haji Provinsi Jawa Timur

Pengelolaan persediaan obat merupakan aspek penting dalam menjamin mutu pelayanan, keselamatan pasien, dan efisiensi biaya rumah sakit. RSUD Haji Provinsi Jawa Timur masih menghadapi permasalahan berupa overstock, slow moving, dead moving, serta risiko stockout yang berpotensi meningkatkan biaya penyimpanan, risiko kedaluwarsa, dan pemborosan anggaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efisiensi pengendalian persediaan obat menggunakan kombinasi metode Always Better Control–Fast Slow Non-moving (ABC–FSN) dan Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) melalui perbandingan total biaya persediaan sebelum dan sesudah penerapan EOQ.
Penelitian menggunakan desain kuantitatif observasional analitik retrospektif komparatif dengan pendekatan one group pretest–posttest. Data sekunder berupa 560 item obat periode Januari–Desember 2025 dianalisis menggunakan klasifikasi ABC–FSN, perhitungan EOQ, Total Cost (TC), statistik deskriptif, serta uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa klasifikasi ABC–FSN mampu mengidentifikasi prioritas pengendalian berdasarkan nilai investasi dan tingkat pergerakan obat. Penerapan EOQ menghasilkan jumlah pemesanan yang lebih optimal dibandingkan metode aktual serta menurunkan Total Cost secara signifikan pada seluruh matriks ABC–FSN (p<0,05). Persentase efisiensi biaya tertinggi diperoleh pada matriks AN sebesar 75,88%, sedangkan efisiensi terendah terdapat pada matriks CS sebesar 8,52%, dengan seluruh matriks menunjukkan efisiensi biaya positif.
Temuan ilmiah penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa integrasi klasifikasi ABC–FSN dengan metode EOQ tidak hanya efektif dalam menentukan prioritas pengendalian persediaan, tetapi juga mampu meningkatkan efisiensi biaya melalui penurunan Total Cost berdasarkan karakteristik masing-masing kelompok obat. Pendekatan ini dapat menjadi dasar penyusunan kebijakan pengendalian persediaan obat yang lebih efektif, efisien, dan berbasis data di rumah sakit pemerintah.

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Drug inventory management is a critical component of hospital services as it directly affects service quality, patient safety, and cost efficiency. RSUD Haji Province of East Java continues to face inventory management challenges, including overstock, slow-moving, dead-moving, and potential stockout conditions, which may increase storage costs, expiration risk, and budget inefficiency. This study aimed to analyze the efficiency of drug inventory control using the integrated Always Better Control–Fast, Slow, Non-moving (ABC–FSN) classification and the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method by comparing Total inventory costs before and after EOQ implementation.
This study employed a quantitative retrospective analytical observational design using a one-group pretest–posttest approach. Secondary data consisting of 857 drug items from January to December 2025 were analyzed using ABC–FSN classification, EOQ calculation, Total Cost (TC) analysis, descriptive statistics, and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results demonstrated that the ABC–FSN classification effectively identified inventory control priorities based on investment value and inventory movement. The implementation of EOQ produced more optimal order quantities than the existing ordering practice and significantly reduced Total Cost across all ABC–FSN matrix categories (p < 0.05). The highest cost efficiency was observed in the AN matrix (75.88%), while the lowest efficiency was found in the CS matrix (8.52%), with all matrix categories showing positive cost savings.
The novel finding of this study is that integrating the ABC–FSN classification with the EOQ method not only improves inventory prioritization but also enhances cost efficiency by reducing Total Cost according to the characteristics of each inventory category. This integrated approach can serve as an evidence-based strategy for developing more effective and efficient drug inventory control policies in public hospitals.