Aktivitas Antibakteri Fraksi n-Heksana, Etil Asetat, dan Air Ekstrak Etanol 70% dan 96% Umbi Bawang Putih Tunggal (Allium sativum var. solo garlic) terhadap MRSA secara In Vitro

Infeksi MRSA menjadi masalah kesehatan global akibat resistensi terhadap antibiotik β-laktam. Vancomycin digunakan sebagai terapi utama, namun efektivitasnya mulai terbatas, sehingga dibutuhkan alternatif antibakteri berbasis bahan alam. Umbi bawang putih tunggal (Allium sativum var. solo garlic) mengandung metabolit sekunder dan senyawa organosulfur yang berpotensi antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi aktivitas antibakteri fraksi n-heksana, etil asetat, dan air dari ekstrak etanol 70% dan 96% umbi bawang putih tunggal terhadap MRSA secara in vitro, serta menentukan rasio potensi dibandingkan vancomycin. Simplisia diekstraksi dengan maserasi, kemudian difraksinasi bertingkat berdasarkan kepolaran pelarut. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar pada Mueller Hinton Agar, mengamati diameter zona hambat dan menghitung rasio potensi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa fraksi dari ekstrak etanol 70% tidak menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri, sedangkan fraksi n-heksana, etil asetat, dan air dari ekstrak etanol 96% mampu menghambat pertumbuhan MRSA, dengan fraksi air menunjukkan daya hambat tertinggi. Fraksi air ekstrak etanol 96% memiliki rasio potensi 96,69% dibandingkan vancomycin. Analisis kurva rasio potensi memperlihatkan hubungan linier kuat antara konsentrasi dan zona hambat (R² = 0,9709), menandakan aktivitas antibakteri fraksi air hampir setara dengan vancomycin. Keseluruhan temuan menunjukkan bahwa fraksi air ekstrak etanol 96% umbi bawang putih tunggal merupakan kandidat potensial sebagai antibakteri alternatif untuk pengendalian MRSA.

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Infections caused by MRSA are a growing global health concern due to resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. Vancomycin is the primary therapy, but its effectiveness is increasingly limited, highlighting the need for alternative natural antibacterial agents. Single-clove garlic (Allium sativum var. solo garlic) contains secondary metabolites and organosulfur compounds with potential antibacterial activity. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions from 70% and 96% ethanol extracts of single-clove garlic against MRSA in vitro and to determine their potency ratio compared to vancomycin. The garlic bulbs were extracted by maceration and fractionated based on solvent polarity. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar, measuring inhibition zone diameters and calculating potency ratios. Results showed that fractions from 70% ethanol extracts exhibited no antibacterial activity, while n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions from 96% ethanol extracts inhibited MRSA growth, with the aqueous fraction exhibiting the highest inhibition. The aqueous fraction of the 96% ethanol extract had a potency ratio of 96.69% compared to vancomycin. Potency ratio curve analysis indicated a strong linear relationship between concentration and inhibition zone (R² = 0.9709), suggesting that the antibacterial activity of the aqueous fraction is nearly equivalent to vancomycin. These findings demonstrate that the aqueous fraction of the 96% ethanol extract of single-clove garlic is a promising natural antibacterial candidate for MRSA control.
Keywords : Allium sativum var. solo garlic, MRSA, 96% ethanol extract, Aqueous fraction, Antibacterial activity, Potency ratio, vancomycin