Implementasi Pembiayaan Murabahah pada Bank Syariah untuk Pengentasan Kemiskinan melalui Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Nasabah Perempuan (Studi Kasus di BSI KCP Surabaya Merr 1 Tahun 2024–2025)

Kemiskinan multidimensional, khususnya fenomena feminisasi kemiskinan (feminization of poverty), menjadi tantangan pembangunan nasional akibat hambatan struktural kelompok perempuan dalam mengakses permodalan. Lembaga keuangan syariah hadir sebagai solusi melalui instrumen pembiayaan inklusif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis alur implementasi pembiayaan murabahah (skema KUR Mikro) pada BSI KCP Surabaya MERR 1 dalam memberdayakan ekonomi nasabah perempuan serta menilai dampaknya terhadap peningkatan kesejahteraan dan pengentasan kemiskinan pada rentang tahun 2024–2025.
Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus (case study). Data primer dikumpulkan melalui observasi non-partisipan dan wawancara mendalam (in-depth interview) dengan Branch Manager, Micro Relationship Manager, serta nasabah perempuan pelaku UMKM urban yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Pemeriksaan keabsahan data dilakukan melalui triangulasi teknik dan sumber.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama, alur implementasi pembiayaan murabahah bil wakalah di BSI KCP Surabaya MERR 1 telah berjalan sesuai dengan prinsip syariah dan Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 04/DSN-MUI/IV/2000. Transparansi harga pokok dan fixed margin yang setara dengan tarif subsidi KUR 6% efektif per tahun memberikan kepastian finansial bagi nasabah. Kedua, pembiayaan produktif ini berdampak signifikan pada peningkatan pendapatan bersih mitra binaan perempuan (dengan persentase kenaikan berkisar antara 57,1% hingga 71,8%) serta memicu perluasan skala usaha. Ketiga, program pendampingan keuangan berupa pemberian template pencatatan kas sederhana berhasil meningkatkan literasi keuangan, menumbuhkan kemandirian ekonomi (self-efficacy), dan memperkuat posisi tawar (bargaining power) perempuan di ranah domestik. Keuntungan bersih usaha didistribusikan langsung pada pos investasi modal manusia keluarga (human capital investment) seperti nutrisi dan pendidikan anak. Dampak ini secara empiris membuktikan bahwa intervensi permodalan berbasis syariah individu mampu mengentaskan kemiskinan absolut rumah tangga sasaran di wilayah urban melampaui standar garis kemiskinan BPS menuju klaster masyarakat menengah-mikro yang maslahah.

=================================================================================================

Multidimensional poverty—specifically the phenomenon of the “feminization of poverty”—poses a challenge to national development due to structural barriers preventing women from accessing capital. Syariah financial institutions offer a solution through inclusive financing instruments. This study aimed to analyze the implementation process of Murabahah financing (specifically the Micro KUR scheme) at BSI KCP Surabaya MERR 1 in empowering female customers economically, and to assess its impact on improving welfare and alleviating poverty during the 2024–2025 period.
This research employed a qualitative method with a case study approach. Primary data were collected through non-participant observation and in-depth interviews with the Branch Manager, Micro Relationship Manager, and female customers—specifically urban MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) owners—selected via purposive sampling. Data analysis utilized was the Miles and Huberman model, comprising data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was verified through triangulation of techniques and sources.
The research findings indicated that, first, the implementation process of Murabahah bil wakalah financing at BSI KCP Surabaya MERR 1 aligns with Syariah principles and DSN-MUI Fatwa No. 04/DSN-MUI/IV/2000. Price transparency regarding the cost of goods and a fixed margin—equivalent to the subsidized KUR rate of 6% effective per annum—provide financial certainty for customers. Second, this productive financing has significantly impacted the net income of the female clients (with increases ranging from 57.1% to 71.8%) and has stimulated the expansion of their business scales. Third, the financial mentoring program—which involved providing simple cash-recording templates—successfully improved financial literacy, fostered economic self-efficacy, and strengthened women’s bargaining power within the domestic sphere. Net business profits were directly allocated to investments in family human capital, such as child nutrition and education. These results empirically demonstrate that individual Syariah-based capital interventions can lift target urban households out of absolute poverty—surpassing the poverty line set by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS)—and elevate them into a micro-middle-class stratum characterized by well-being (maslahah).