Hubungan Psychological Separation dan Peer Attachment dengan Kematangan Karier pada Siswa SMK di Surabaya

Kematangan karir merupakan kesiapan siswa dalam mengeksplorasi informasi pekerjaan, merencanakan karir, menilai diri, dan mengambil keputusan karir secara mandiri. Kesiapan ini penting bagi siswa SMK yang dipersiapkan untuk memasuki dunia kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara psychological separation dan peer attachment dengan kematangan karir pada siswa SMK di Surabaya, baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode korelasional. Subjek berjumlah 425 siswa dari lima SMK yang mewakili lima wilayah administratif Kota Surabaya, dipilih dengan teknik cluster random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan tiga skala Likert, yaitu Skala Kematangan Karir (30 aitem; α = 0,809), Psychological Separation Inventory (25 aitem; α = 0,791), dan Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (20 aitem; α = 0,782). Data dianalisis dengan korelasi Pearson dan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa psychological separation berhubungan positif dan signifikan dengan kematangan karir (r = 0,683; p < 0,001), begitu pula peer attachment (r = 0,514; p < 0,001). Secara simultan, keduanya berhubungan kuat dengan kematangan karir (R = 0,736; F = 249,739; p < 0,001) dan menjelaskan 54,2% variasi kematangan karir (R² = 0,542). Psychological separation memiliki kontribusi prediktif relatif yang lebih besar (β = 0,570) dibandingkan peer attachment (β = 0,298). Dengan demikian, siswa yang lebih mandiri secara psikologis dari orang tua dan memiliki kelekatan teman sebaya yang lebih positif cenderung memiliki kematangan karir yang lebih tinggi.

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Career maturity refers to a student’s readiness to explore job information, plan a career, engage in self-assessment, and make career decisions independently. This readiness is crucial for vocational high school (SMK) students, who are being prepared to enter the workforce. This study aims to determine the relationship of psychological separation and peer attachment with career maturity among vocational high school students in Surabaya, both individually and simultaneously. The study employed a quantitative approach using a correlational method. The subjects consisted of 425 students from five vocational high schools representing the five administrative regions of Surabaya, selected via cluster random sampling. Data were collected using three Likert scales: the Career Maturity Scale (30 items; α = 0.809), the Psychological Separation Inventory (25 items; α = 0.791), and the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (20 items; α = 0.782). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression. The results indicate that psychological separation is positively and significantly related to career maturity (r = 0.683; p < 0.001), as is peer attachment (r = 0.514; p < 0.001). Simultaneously, both variables show a strong relationship with career maturity (R = 0.736; F = 249.739; p < 0.001) and explain 54.2% of the variance in career maturity (R² = 0.542). Psychological separation makes a greater relative predictive contribution (β = 0.570) compared to peer attachment (β = 0.298). Thus, students who are more psychologically independent from their parents and possess more positive peer attachments tend to exhibit higher levels of career maturity.