ANALISIS PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA EKONOMI SYARIAH MELALUI MEDIASI DALAM PERKARA WANPRESTASI DAN PERBUATAN MELAWAN HUKUM PADA BSI CABANG MATARAM DI PENGADILAN AGAMA MATARAM

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini membahas secara mendalam tentang implementasi mediasi dalam menyelesaikan sengketa ekonomi syariah yang berkaitan dengan wanprestasi dan perbuatan melawan hukum di Pengadilan Agama Mataram. Lingkup kajian dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Bagaimana pelaksanaan mediasi dalam penyelesaian perkara wanprestasi dan perbuatan melawan hukum pada BSI Cabang Mataram di Pengadilan Agama Mataram? (2) Bagaimana pelaksanaan tersebut menurut PERMA Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 Tentang Perbankan Syariah? (3) Bagaimana pelaksanaan tersebut ditinjau dari perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah? Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan Studi kasus dan pendekatan Undang-Undang dimana data akan di analisis secara kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data melalui interview, observasi dan dikumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara reduksi, penyajian, penarikan Kesimpulan dan verifikasi data. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1) Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam mediasi di Pengadilan Agama Mataram adalah pendekatan review akad, maqashid syariah, ta’wid, ta’zir, serta istishlah. Prinsip mediasi yang diterapkan adalah prinsip sukarela, netral, rahasia, otonomi pihak. Mediator wajib bersertifikat MA dan DSN-MUI. Faktor yang mendukung keberhasilan mediasi adalah itikad baik, mediator kompeten, proses tepat, substansi sesuai syariah. Hambatan mediasi antara lain ruang tidak standar, mediator kurang paham, pihak tidak proaktif. (2) Prosedur mediasi sengketa ekonomi syariah di Pengadilan Agama Mataram sudah sesuai dengan PERMA Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 Tentang Mediasi dan Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 Tentang Perbankan Syariah. (3) Pelaksanaan mediasi di Pengadilan Agama Mataram telah memenuhi rukun, syarat, dan prinsip-prinsip al-shulh menurut fiqh muamalah yang meliputi prinsip masyru’iyyah (mediasi disyariatkan dan diutamakan), taradhi (kerelaan para pihak), ‘adalah wa Hayadah (keadilan dan netralitas mediator), serta Adamut Tahrim wa Tahlil (tidak mengubah halal-haram).
Kata kunci: mediasi, wanprestasi, perbuatan melawan hukum, istishlah, al-shulh

ABSTRACT

This study examined in depth the implementation of mediation in resolving Sharia economic disputes related to default and unlawful acts at the Mataram Religious Court. The scope of this study was: (1) How is mediation implemented in resolving default and unlawful acts at the Mataram Branch of BSI in the Mataram Religious Court?, (2) How is this implementation interpreted according to PERMA Number 1 of 2016 and Law Number 21 of 2008 concerning Sharia Banking?, (3) How is this implementation viewed from the perspective of Sharia Economic Law? This research was an empirical legal study using a case study approach and a statutory approach, where data will be analyzed qualitatively. Data collection methods included interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, presentation, conclusion, and verification. The results of this study were the following: (1) The approaches used in mediation at the Mataram Religious Court include review of contracts, maqashid sharia, ta’wid, ta’zir, and istishlah. The principles of mediation applied are voluntary, neutral, confidential, and party autonomy. Mediators must be certified by the Supreme Court and the National Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI). Factors supporting successful mediation include good faith, a competent mediator, an appropriate process, and substance in accordance with sharia. Obstacles to mediation include non-standard rooms, a lack of mediator understanding, and a lack of proactiveness on the part of the parties. (2) The procedures for mediating sharia economic disputes at the Mataram Religious Court are in accordance with Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2016 concerning Mediation and Law Number 21 of 2008 concerning Sharia Banking. (3) The implementation of mediation at the Mataram Religious Court has fulfilled the pillars, requirements, and principles of al-shulh according to Islamic jurisprudence, which include the principles of masyru’iyyah (mediation is prescribed and prioritized), taradhi (the consent of the parties), ‘adalah wa Hayadah (justice and neutrality of the mediator), and Adamut Tahrim wa Tahlil (not changing what halal or haram is).
Keywords: mediation, breach of contract, unlawful act, istishlah, al-shulh