Gender Identity, Multiculturalism, and Environmental Issue in Indonesian Urban Literature

In the reform era, there was an opportunity to get out of the shadow of a frozen Indonesian identity. Environmental exploration should be diminished and diversity or multiculturalism could be celebrated. Both multiculturalism and environmental issues were portrayed in urban literature. This research aimed to analyze multiculturalism and environmental issue portrayed in urban literature. By referring to the cultural studies approach, this research tried to open the possibility that identity is never fixed and final, but always evolves, interwoven with social context. It was also possible to talk about the intersectionality between environmental issue, gender identity, ethnicity, and multiculturalism. It was found in urban literature that identity categories are never separated from each other, but are liquid and intertwined, have reciprocal relationships, and are opposed to each other. The urban literature also depicted that inequality relation between human and nature resulted environmental damage.