Hubungan Risiko Hipertensi, Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2, dan Hiperlipidemia terhadap Tingkat Kejadian Stroke Iskemik di RS Muhammadiyah Lamongan

Pratidina, Antika (2025) Hubungan Risiko Hipertensi, Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2, dan Hiperlipidemia terhadap Tingkat Kejadian Stroke Iskemik di RS Muhammadiyah Lamongan. Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya.

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Abstract

Stroke iskemik merupakan salah satu jenis stroke yang paling sering terjadi dan menjadi penyebab utama morbiditas serta disabilitas jangka panjang di Indonesia. Faktor risiko seperti hipertensi, diabetes mellitus tipe 2, dan hiperlipidemia memiliki peran penting dalam patogenesis stroke iskemik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besar risiko masing-masing faktor serta hubungan antara hipertensi, diabetes mellitus tipe 2, dan hiperlipidemia terhadap tingkat kejadian stroke iskemik di RS Muhammadiyah Lamongan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional secara retrospektif. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 96 pasien, terdiri dari 80 pasien dengan stroke iskemik. Data diperoleh dari rekam medis dan dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square untuk mengetahui hubungan bivariat, serta mengetahui kontribusi masing-masing faktor risiko secara multivariat terhadap kejadian stroke iskemik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara hipertensi dan diabetes mellitus tipe 2 dengan kejadian stroke iskemik (p<0,05). Sementara itu, hiperlipidemia tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan (p>0,05). Berdasarkan uji regresi logistik yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa hipertensi merupakan faktor risiko dominan dengan nilai odds ratio (OR) sebesar 3.580, sedangkan diabetes mellitus tipe 2 dan hiperlipidemia tidak menunjukkan hubungan signifikan terhadap kejadian stroke iskemik melalui uji multivariat. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa hipertensi dan diabetes mellitus tipe 2 menunjukkan hubungan signifikan terhadap kejadian stroke iskemik melalui analisis bivariat, namun diabetes mellitus tipe 2 dan hiperlipidemia menunjukkan pengaruh independenden keduanya kurang dominan dibandingkan dengan hipertensi. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk dilakukan pengendalian secara holistik terkait tekanan darah, kadar gula darah dan profil lipid darah yang berperan penting dalam upaya pencegahan stroke iskemik.

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Ischemic stroke is one of the most common types of stroke and a leading cause of morbidity and long-term disability in Indonesia. Risk factors such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia play important roles in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of each risk factor and the relationship between hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia with the incidence of ischemic stroke at Muhammadiyah Lamongan Hospital. This research employed a quantitative method with a retrospective cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 96 patients, including 80 patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke. Data were obtained from medical records and analyzed using the chi-square test to assess bivariate relationships, and logistic regression to determine the multivariate contribution of each risk factor to the incidence of ischemic stroke. The results showed a significant relationship between hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus with ischemic stroke (p<0.05), while hyperlipidemia did not show a significant association (p>0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that hypertension was the dominant risk factor, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.580. Meanwhile, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia did not show significant independent associations with ischemic stroke in the multivariate analysis. In conclusion, hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with ischemic stroke in the bivariate analysis, but only hypertension demonstrated a stronger independent effect compared to the other factors. Therefore, holistic management of blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profiles is essential in efforts to prevent ischemic stroke.

Item Type: Thesis (Undergraduate)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Stroke iskemik, hipertensi, diabetes mellitus tipe 2, hiperlipidemia, faktor risiko, : Ischemic stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, risk factors
Subjects: R Medicine > R Medicine (General)
R Medicine > RB Pathology
Divisions: 05. Fakultas Kedokteran > Pendidikan Dokter
Depositing User: Dyah Ayu Sulistyaningtyas
Date Deposited: 31 Oct 2025 02:09
Last Modified: 31 Oct 2025 02:09
URI: https://repository.um-surabaya.ac.id/id/eprint/10452

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