Asuhan Keperawatan dengan Masalah Bersihan Jalan Napas Tidak Efektif pada Pasien Tuberkulosis (TB) Paru di Rumah Sakit Islam Darus Syifa’

Yansyah, Febri (2025) Asuhan Keperawatan dengan Masalah Bersihan Jalan Napas Tidak Efektif pada Pasien Tuberkulosis (TB) Paru di Rumah Sakit Islam Darus Syifa’. Diploma thesis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya.

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Abstract

Tuberkulosis (TB) paru merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang masih menjadi permasalahan kesehatan global, termasuk di Indonesia. TB paru disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis fenomena yang terjadi banyak pasien TB paru datang ke rumah sakit dalam kondisi dengan gejala batuk tidak efektif, sesak napas, dan suara napas tambahan seperti ronki. Masalah yang timbul yaitu bersihan jalan napas tidak efektif. Masalah ini jika tidak segera ditangani, dapat memperburuk kondisi pernapasan pasien dan menimbulkan komplikasi serius. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien TB paru dengan masalah bersihan jalan napas tidak efektif di Rumah Sakit Islam Darus Syifa’.
Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Subjek penelitian menggunakan 2 pasien dengan usia Tn. R 47 tahun dan Ny. S 59 tahun, dengan diagnosa TB Paru yang mengalami bersihan jalan napas tidak efektif. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Data dianalisis melalui tahapan proses keperawatan: pengkajian, diagnosa, intervensi, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Islam Darus Syifa’
Hasil studi kasus dari kedua pasien menunjukkan tanda utama sesak, batuk tidak efektif dan sputum berlebih, disertai suara napas tambahan (ronkhi). Didapatkan masalah utama bersihan jalan nafas tidak efektif, dan dilakukan intervensi manajemen jalan nafas. Setelah dilakukan tindakan memonitor pola nafas, memonitor bunyi nafas tambahan, memposisikan semi fowler atau fowler, melakukan fisioterapi dada, memberi minum air hangat, mengajarkan teknik batuk efektif, memberikan oksigen, dan kolaborasi pemberian bronkodilator. Evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa adanya batu efektif meningkat, produksi sputum menurun, suara ronkhi menurun, frekuensi nafas membaik, dispnea menurun.
Kesimpulannya, asuhan keperawatan yang tepat mampu mengatasi masalah bersihan jalan napas tidak efektif pada pasien TB paru.

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Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that remains a major global health problem, including in Indonesia. Pulmonary TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A common phenomenon observed is that many pulmonary TB patients present to the hospital with symptoms such as ineffective coughing, shortness of breath, and additional breath sounds like rales. The primary issue that arises is ineffective airway clearance. If not promptly managed, this problem can worsen the patient's respiratory condition and lead to serious complications.
This study aims to describe nursing care for pulmonary TB patients experiencing ineffective airway clearance at Darus Syifa’ Islamic Hospital. This research used a qualitative descriptive design with a case study approach. The subjects were two pulmonary TB patients with ineffective airway clearance. Data collection techniques included interviews, observation, and document review. Data were analyzed using the stages of the nursing process: assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and evaluation.
The results of the case study in both patients showed main symptoms of ineffective coughing and excessive sputum, accompanied by additional breath sounds (rales). The primary nursing problem identified was ineffective airway clearance, for which airway management interventions were implemented. These interventions included monitoring respiratory patterns, monitoring additional breath sounds, positioning the patient in semi-Fowler’s or Fowler’s position, performing chest physiotherapy, providing warm water to drink, teaching effective coughing techniques, administering oxygen, and collaborating in the administration of bronchodilators. After three days of intervention, both patients showed improvement, with outcome criteria including effective coughing, the ability to expel secretions, and the absence of additional breath sounds.
In conclusion, appropriate and comprehensive nursing care can effectively address the problem of ineffective airway clearance in pulmonary TB patients.

Item Type: Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords: Asuhan Keperawatan, TB Paru, Bersihan Jalan Napas Tidak Efektif, Nursing Care, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Ineffective Airway Clearanc.
Subjects: R Medicine > R Medicine (General)
R Medicine > RC Internal medicine
R Medicine > RT Nursing
Divisions: 04. Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan > D3 Keperawatan
Depositing User: Febri Yansyah
Date Deposited: 17 Nov 2025 08:25
Last Modified: 18 Nov 2025 02:59
URI: https://repository.um-surabaya.ac.id/id/eprint/10490

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