Profil Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Infeksi Kehamilan (Penelitian dilakukan di Poli Kandungan Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Surabaya)

Infeksi pada kehamilan merupakan kondisi yang dapat meningkatkan risiko komplikasi

baik bagi ibu maupun janin, sehingga penggunaan antibiotik yang rasional dan aman menjadi sangat penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien infeksi kehamilan di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Surabaya selama periode Januari hingga Desember 2024. Desain penelitian ini bersifat observasional deskriptif dengan pendekatan retrospektif. Data diperoleh melalui telaah rekam medis dengan teknik purposive sampling terhadap 82 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas pasien berada pada kelompok usia 20–
30 tahun (70%) dan usia kehamilan trimester kedua (46%). Jenis infeksi terbanyak adalah infeksi saluran kemih (55%), diikuti vaginosis bacterialis (28%) dan influenza (16%). Antibiotik yang paling sering diresepkan adalah amoksisilin (30%), sefiksim (25%), dan metronidazol (25%) dengan durasi terapi terbanyak selama 7 hari (68%). Secara hematologis, seluruh pasien (100%) mengalami leukositosis, 4% mengalami anemia, dan
3% mengalami trombositopenia. Sebagian besar pasien tercatat sebagai peserta BPJS (73%), dengan perbedaan jumlah dan jenis antibiotik dibanding pasien umum, termasuk bentuk sediaan generik dan bermerek. Meskipun sebagian besar antibiotik yang digunakan sesuai dengan pedoman terapi kehamilan, masih ditemukan penggunaan antibiotik kategori Watch yang sebaiknya diawasi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pedoman spesifik untuk terapi antibiotik pada ibu hamil serta evaluasi terhadap kesetaraan pelayanan kefarmasian, guna menjamin penggunaan antibiotik yang rasional, aman, dan merata bagi seluruh pasien.

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Infections during pregnancy pose significant risks for both mother and fetus, making the rational and safe use of antibiotics essential. This study aims to describe the profile of antibiotic use in pregnant patients with infections at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Surabaya during the period of January to December 2024. The study design was a descriptive observational study with a retrospective approach. Data were collected through medical record review using purposive sampling, with a total of 82 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that most patients were aged 20–30 years (70%) and were in their second trimester of pregnancy (46%). The most common types of infection were urinary tract infections (55%), followed by bacterial vaginosis (28%) and influenza (16%). The most frequently prescribed antibiotics were amoxicillin (30%), cefixime (25%), and metronidazole (25%), with a treatment duration of 7 days in most cases (68%). Hematologically, all patients (100%) exhibited leukocytosis, while 4% had anemia and 3% had thrombocytopenia. Most patients were registered under the national health insurance program (BPJS) (73%), and there were notable differences in the quantity and types of antibiotics given between insured and non-insured patients, including generic versus branded formulations. While most antibiotics used were consistent with pregnancy treatment guidelines, some Watch category antibiotics were still prescribed and should be monitored. Therefore, a specific guideline for antibiotic use in pregnant women is needed, along with an evaluation of pharmaceutical service equity to ensure rational, safe, and equitable antibiotic use for all patients.