Analisis Pengaruh Beban Muatan dan Kecepatan Kendaraan terhadap Hasil Uji Emisi Gas Buang pada Kendaraan Pickup Isuzu Traga

Kendaraan angkutan barang yang membawa beban berlebih berkontribusi besar dalam pencemaran polusi udara. Pada kendaraan Diesel, asap emisi yang keluar dari knalpot berwarna hitam dan pekat menunjukkan bahwa proses pembakaran tidak sempurna. Salah satu dampak negatif dari pencemaran emisi gas buang terhadap kesehatan masyarakat adalah gangguan pernapasan dan bahkan bisa menyebabkan kanker. Pengujian emisi merupakan metode penentuan kondisi mesin kendaraan yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap performa mesin.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif mengenai pengaruh variasi kecepatan 20, 40, dan 60 km/jam dan beban muatan 0 kg, 1.170 kg, dan 1.705 kg terhadap tingkat emisi gas buang CO, HC, CO₂, O₂ serta Opasitas. Kendaraan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu pickup Isuzu Traga PHR54. Pengujian dilakukan secara eksperimental di Pengujian Kendaraan Bermotor Kabupaten Sidoarjo menggunakan alat smoke tester dan gas analyzer untuk uji emisi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kecepatan dan beban muatan mempengaruhi emisi gas buang. Pada kondisi tanpa beban dan kecepatan rendah 20 km/jam, emisi CO sebesar 0,01%, HC 12 ppm, CO₂ 1,82%, Kandungan O2 17,82% dan Opasitas 15,2%. Sedangkan pada kecepatan tertinggi 60 km/jam dengan muatan beban berlebih 1.705 kg, dihasilkan emisi CO sebesar 0,12%, HC 25 ppm, CO₂ 2,77%, Kandungan O2 17,64%, dan opasitas 41,7%. Dari hasil pengujian di atas, untuk menjaga kualitas udara dan kelestarian lingkungan, pentingnya pengendalian kecepatan dan tidak membawa beban muatan melebihi daya angkut kendaraan.

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Goods transport vehicles carrying excessive loads contribute significantly to air pollution. In diesel vehicles, black and thick exhaust smoke indicates incomplete combustion. One of the negative impacts of exhaust gas pollution on public health is respiratory disorders, which may even lead to cancer. Emission testing is a method used to determine the condition of a vehicle’s engine, which has a significant influence on engine performance.
This study aims to quantitatively and descriptively analyze the effect of variations in vehicle speed (20, 40, and 60 km/h) and load weight (0 kg, 1,170 kg, and 1,705 kg) on exhaust gas emission levels of CO, HC, CO₂, O₂, and opacity. The vehicle used in this research was an Isuzu Traga pick-up (PHR54). The tests were conducted experimentally at the Motor Vehicle Testing Center of Sidoarjo Regency using a smoke tester and a gas analyzer for emission testing.
The results show that increases in vehicle speed and load weight affect exhaust gas emissions. Under no-load conditions and a low speed of 20 km/h, the recorded emissions were CO at 0.01%, HC at 12 ppm, CO₂ at 1.82%, O₂ content at 17.82%, and opacity at 15.2%. Meanwhile, at the highest speed of 60 km/h with an excessive load of 1,705 kg, the emissions increased to CO at 0.12%, HC at 25 ppm, CO₂ at 2.77%, O₂ content at 17.64%, and opacity at 41.7%. Based on these results, in order to maintain air quality and environmental sustainability, it is important to control vehicle speed and avoid carrying loads that exceed the vehicle’s load capacity.