Hubungan Durasi dan Kadar Gula Darah Puasa terhadap Kejadian Neuropati Diabetik pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di RS Siti Khodijah Sepanjang

Latar Belakang: Hiperglikemia jangka panjang atau penyakit diabetes dapat menyebabkan komplikasi neuropati diabetik yang mengganggu saraf tepi sehingga terjadi hilangnya sensasi distal. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan durasi dan kadar gula darah puasa terhadap kejadian neuropati diabetik pada pasien DM tipe-2 di RS Siti Khodijah Muhammadiyah Sepanjang. Metode: Metode penelitian kuantitatif dan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi pasien DM tipe-2 dengan sampel 51 responden menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah pemeriksaan gula darah puasa menggunakan pemeriksaan laboratorium kimia klinik dan Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI). Analisa data bivariat menggunakan uji koefisien kontingensi dan analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil: Sebagian besar pasien DM tipe-2 yang mengalami kejadian neuropati diabetik memiliki durasi menderita DM >5 tahun (35,3%) dan sebagian besar responden yang memiliki kadar gula darah ≥126 mg/dl terkena neuropati diabetik (41,2%). Analisis bivariat durasi diperoleh nilai (p= 0,003), kadar gula darah puasa diperoleh nilai (p= 0,000). Analisis data multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik durasi diperoleh nilai (Exp(B) = 22.386) dan kadar gula darah puasa diperoleh nilai (Exp(B) = 35.305). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara durasi dan kadar gula darah puasa terhadap kejadian neuropati diabetik. Dan kadar gula darah puasa memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terhadap neuropati diabetik dibanding durasi menderita DM.

=======================================================================================

Background: Diabetic neuropathy was a complication that disrupted the peripheral nerves, caused loss of distal sensation, and resulted from long-term hyperglycemia or diabetic disease. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between duration of diabetes and fasting blood glucose with the incidence of diabetic neuropathy at Siti Khodijah Hospital Muhammadiyah Sepanjang. Methods: Type of quantitative research with cross sectional approach. The population of type-2 DM patients was sampled of 51 respondents using purposive sampling technique. The instruments used were fasting blood glucose test using clinical chemistry laboratory examination and Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) questionnaire. Bivariate data analysis was conducted using the contingency coefficient test and multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression. Results: Most type-2 DM patients who experienced diabetic neuropathy had a duration of DM >5 years (35.3%) and most respondents who had fasting blood sugar levels ≥126 mg/dl were affected by diabetic neuropathy (41.2%). Bivariate analysis of duration obtained a value (p = 0.003), fasting blood sugar levels obtained a value (p = 0.000). Multivariate data analysis using logistic regression duration obtained a value (Exp (B) = 22.386) and fasting blood sugar levels obtained a value (Exp (B) = 35.305). Conclusion: This showed that there was a significant relationship between duration and fasting blood sugar levels on the incidence of diabetic neuropathy. And the factor that had a higher risk of diabetic neuropathy was fasting blood sugar levels than the duration of DM.