Analisis Faktor Risiko Infeksi Helicobacter pylori pada Pasien Gastritis di RSUD Gambiran Kota Kediri Tahun 2024–2025

Latar Belakang: Helicobacter pylori adalah bakteri gram negatif yang menjadi penyebab utama berbagai gangguan saluran cerna seperti gastritis, ulkus peptik, dan kanker lambung. Prevalensi H. pylori bervariasi antar daerah, kemungkinan dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan faktor risiko di masing-masing wilayah. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi H. pylori dan hubungan antara usia, tingkat pendidikan, pekerjaan, sumber air minum, merokok, konsumsi alkohol, dan penggunaan toilet dengan kejadian infeksi H. pylori pada pasien gastritis. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kuantitatif observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional. Data diperoleh melalui rekam medis dan wawancara terhadap pasien gastritis di RSUD Gambiran Kota Kediri di bulan November 2024- April 2025. Diagnosis H. pylori berdasarkan hasil histopatologi. Kriteria eksklusi meliputi riwayat diabetes melitus, penyakit ginjal kronis, menggunakan obat antibiotik dan obat PPI selama 2 minggu sebelum prosedur endoskopi dan histopatologi. Analisis dilakukan secara bivariat dan multivariat untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor risiko yang diteliti dengan kejadian infeksi H. pylori. Hasil: Prevalensi H. pylori pada pasien gastritis sebesar 54,2% (26/48). Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara usia, tingkat pendidikan, pekerjaan, sumber air minum, dan merokok dengan kejadian infeksi H. pylori. Kesimpulan: Prevalensi H. pylori pada pasien gastritis cukup tinggi. Diperlukan penelitian lanjutan dengan desain case control atau cohort, populasi luas, jumlah sampel lebih besar, kombinasi metode diagnostik H. pylori, dan melibatkan faktor risiko infeksi H. pylori lain.

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Background: Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that is the primary cause of various gastrointestinal disorders such as gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. The prevalence of H. pylori varies across regions, possibly influenced by differences risk factors in each area. Objective: This research aims to determine the prevalence of H. pylori and assess the association between age, education level, occupation, source of drinking water, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, and toilet use with H. pylori infection among gastritis patients. Methods: This research is a quantitative, analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. Data were collected from medical records and interviews with gastritis patients at RSUD Gambiran, Kediri City, from November 2024 to April 2025. H. pylori infection was diagnosed based on histopathological examination. Exclusion criteria included a history of diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and use of antibiotics and PPI drugs for 2 weeks before the endoscopic and histopathological procedures. The analysis was conducted bivariately and multivariately to determine the association between the investigated risk factors and H. pylori infection. Results: The prevalence of H. pylori infection among gastritis patients was 54.2% (26/48). No statistically significant associations were found between age, education level, occupation, source of drinking water, and smoking with H. pylori infection. Conclusion: The prevalence of H. pylori among patients with gastritis is relatively high. Further research using a case-control or cohort design, a broader population, a larger sample size, combination of H. pylori diagnostic methods, and involving other risk factors for
H. pylori infection is needed.