Rancang Bangun Sistem Kendali Canting Elektrik Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Logic

Canting elektrik merupakan inovasi dalam proses pembatikan yang bertujuan menjaga kestabilan suhu malam agar kualitas dan ketajaman motif batik tetap optimal. Meskipun telah menggunakan elemen pemanas listrik sebagai solusi modern, pengendalian suhu secara manual masih menimbulkan fluktuasi suhu yang besar serta kurang adaptif terhadap gangguan termal. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang, merealisasikan, dan membandingkan kinerja sistem pengendalian suhu canting elektrik berbasis mikrokontroler Arduino Uno menggunakan logika fuzzy metode Sugeno orde nol dengan kendali manual. Sistem dirancang untuk membaca suhu aktual, menghitung nilai error dan delta error terhadap set point, serta mengendalikan daya heater dan fan secara otomatis melalui mekanisme umpan balik. Pengujian dilakukan pada set point 60 °C dan 80 °C dengan durasi pengamatan selama 600 detik, baik pada kondisi normal maupun saat diberikan gangguan pendingin dan pemanas. Parameter kinerja yang dianalisis meliputi overshoot, error suhu maksimum, waktu menuju set point, dan kestabilan steady-state. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kendali fuzzy mampu mencapai suhu target dengan overshoot rendah (≤ 2%) dan error suhu maksimum ≤ ±1,25 °C pada kondisi normal. Pada kondisi gangguan pendingin, sistem tetap adaptif dengan overshoot ≤ 6% dan error maksimum ≤ ±3,75 °C, serta mampu mengembalikan suhu menuju set point setelah gangguan pemanas meskipun dengan waktu pemulihan yang lebih lama. Sebaliknya, kendali manual menunjukkan fluktuasi suhu yang besar dan kestabilan yang rendah. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa kendali logika fuzzy lebih efektif, responsif, dan adaptif dalam pengendalian suhu canting elektrik.

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Electric canting is an innovation in the batik-making process aimed at maintaining the stability of wax temperature to ensure optimal quality and sharpness of batik patterns. Although electric canting utilizes an electric heating element as a modem solution, manual temperature control still causes significant temperature fluctuations and lacks adaptability to thermal disturbances. Therefore, this study aims to design, implement, and compare the performance of an electric canting temperature control system based on an Arduino Uno microcontroller using a zero-order Sugeno fuzzy logic controller with a manual control method. The system is designed to measure the actual temperature, calculate the error and delta error with respect to the set point, and automatically regulate the heater and fan power through a feedback mechanism. Experiments were conducted at set points of 60 °C and 80 °C with an observation duration of 600 seconds under normal conditions as well as under cooling and heating disturbances. Performance parameters evaluated include overshoot, maximum temperature error, time to reach the set point, and steady-state stability. The experimental results show that the fuzzy controller achieves the target temperature with low overshoot (< 2%) and a maximum temperature error of < ±1.25 °C under normal conditions. Under cooling disturbances, the system remains adaptive with overshoot < 6% and a maximum error of ::=; ±3.75 °C, and it is able to restore the temperature to the set point after heating disturbances, although with a longer recovery time. In contrast, the manual control method exhibits large temperature fluctuations and poor stability. These results demonstrate that the fuzzy logic controller is more effective, responsive, and adaptive for electric canting temperature control.