Penerapan Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) untuk Penilaian Risiko Kecelakaan Kapal di Alur Pelayaran Barat Surabaya

Alur Pelayaran Barat Surabaya (APBS) merupakan alur pelayaran strategis dengan kepadatan lalu lintas kapal yang tinggi sehingga memiliki potensi risiko kecel-akaan yang signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis risiko kecel-akaan kapal dan merumuskan upaya peningkatan keselamatan pelayaran di APBS pada periode 2020–2024 dengan menggunakan metode Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) yang meliputi identifikasi bahaya, analisis risiko, perumusan Risk Control Options (RCO), evaluasi efektivitas RCO, serta Cost–Benefit Assessment (CBA). Data penelitian diperoleh dari data kecelakaan kapal, hasil kuesioner, dan regulasi keselamatan pelayaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecelakaan collision merupakan jenis kecelakaan yang paling dominan, diikuti sinking dan fire. Ber-dasarkan analisis FSA, collision berada pada kategori Very High Risk, sinking pada High Risk, dan fire pada Low Risk. Tujuh RCO dirumuskan untuk menurunkan tingkat risiko tersebut yaitu optimalisasi peran aktif VTS dalam pengaturan lalu lintas kapal dan peringatan dini konflik lintasan, peningkatan kompetensi perwira jaga melalui pelatihan Bridge Resource Management dan manajemen kelelahan, reposisi dan peningkatan kualitas SBNP pada segmen kritis, peningkatan pengawasan stabilitas kapal dan manajemen muatan sebelum dan selama pe-layaran, peningkatan kesiapan keselamatan kapal melalui pemeriksaan LSA dan emergency drill rutin, peningkatan inspeksi dan perawatan sistem mesin dan in-stalasi listrik kapal, peningkatan kompetensi awak kapal dalam pencegahan dan penanganan kebakaran awal (Advanced Fire Fighting) dan hasil CBA menunjuk-kan seluruh RCO memiliki nilai Benefit–Cost Ratio (BCR) ≥ 2 sehingga dikate-gorikan sangat layak. Penerapan RCO secara terintegrasi diharapkan mampu menurunkan risiko kecelakaan hingga tingkat As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP).

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Alur Pelayaran Barat Surabaya (APBS) is a strategic shipping channel with a high density of ship traffic. Therefore, it has a significant potential risk of accidents. This research aimed to analyze the risk of ship accidents and formulate efforts to im• prove shipping safety in the APBS in the 2020-2024 period using the Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) method which included hazard identification, risk analysis, formu• lation of Risk Control Options (RCO), evaluation of RCO effectiveness, and Cost• Benefit Assessment (CBA). The research data was obtained from ship accident data, questionnaire results, and shipping safety regulations. The results of research showed that collision accidents are the most dominant type of accidents, followed by sinking and fire. Based on FSA analysis, collisions were in the Very High-Risk category, sink• ing at High Risk, and fire at Low Risk. Seven RCOs were formulated to reduce the level of risk, namely optimizing the active role of VTS in ship traffic regulation and early warning of track conflicts, improving the competence of guard officers through Bridge Resource Management training and fatigue management, repositioning and improving the quality ofAids to Navigation (AtoN) in the segment critical, improved ship stability supervision and cargo management before and during shipping, in• creased ship safety readiness through routine LSA inspections and emergency drills, improved inspection and maintenance of ship's engine systems and electrical installa• tions, improved crew competency in early fire prevention and handling (Advanced Fire Fighting) and CBA results showed that overall RCO has a Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) value of>2. Therefore, it was categorized as very feasible. The integrated implementation of RCO is expected to be able to reduce the risk of accidents to the level ofAs Low as Reasonably Practicable (ALARP).