Analisis Putusan Pengadilan Nomor 1094/Pdt.G/2024/PA.Ngw dan Putusan Banding Nomor 65/Pdt.G/2025/PTA.Sby tentang Lelang Perspektif Maqasid Syariah

Sengketa ekonomi syariah yang berkaitan dengan pelaksanaan lelang agunan pembiayaan bank syariah merupakan fenomena yang semakin sering terjadi seiring dengan meningkatnya aktivitas pembiayaan berbasis syariah di Indonesia. Permasalahan muncul ketika pelaksanaan lelang agunan yang secara formal telah sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum positif dipersoalkan dari perspektif keadilan dan prinsip-prinsip hukum ekonomi syariah. Hal tersebut menimbulkan perbedaan penilaian yuridis, sebagaimana tercermin dalam perbedaan putusan pengadilan tingkat pertama dan putusan banding dalam perkara sengketa lelang agunan bank syariah.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis putusan pengadilan tingkat pertama dan putusan banding tentang lelang agunan pembiayaan bank syariah dalam perspektif maqasid syari’ah. Dalam perspektif maqaṣid syari’ah, perkara ini menegaskan pentingnya penerapan konsep maqasid syari’ah dalam penyelesaian sengketa pembiayaan bank syariah agar tidak hanya berorientasi pada legalitas prosedural, tetapi juga pada tujuan-tujuan syariat yang mengedepankan keadilan dan kemaslahatan.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan kasus. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan pengadilan, dan literatur hukum. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa putusan tingkat pertama lebih menekankan pada aspek kepastian hukum formal, sedangkan putusan tingkat banding berupaya mengintegrasikan kepastian hukum dengan keadilan substantif. Meskipun putusan banding membatalkan putusan tingkat pertama, tidak terdapat amar yang membatalkan pelaksanaan lelang, sehingga secara hukum objek agunan tetap menjadi milik pemenang lelang. Dari perspektif maqasid syari’ah, perkara ini menegaskan pentingnya penerapan nilai-nilai hukum ekonomi syariah dalam penyelesaian sengketa pembiayaan bank syariah agar tercapai keseimbangan antara kepastian hukum dan keadilan substantif.

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Disputes in Islamic economic transactions, particularly those involving the auction of collateral in Islamic bank financing, have become increasingly prominent alongside the expansion of sharia-based financial activities in Indonesia. These disputes often emerge when auction executions although procedurally compliant with positive law are questioned from the standpoint of justice and the foundational principles of Islamic economic law. Such tensions frequently produce divergent juridical interpretations, as evidenced by the differing judgments between the first-instance and appellate courts in cases concerning the auction of Islamic bank collateral.
This research aims to examine and compare the judicial reasoning in both the first-instance and appellate decisions on the auction of collateral in Islamic bank financing through the maqasid sharia framework. Within this framework, the study underscores the necessity of integrating the higher objectives of sharia in the adjudication of Islamic banking disputes, ensuring that judicial decisions extend beyond procedural legality to realize the values of justice and public welfare (maslahah).
Methodologically, this study adopts a normative juridical approach, incorporating statutory, conceptual, and case-based analyses. Data were collected through an extensive review of statutory regulations, judicial decisions, and scholarly legal literature, and were analyzed qualitatively through descriptive analysis.
The findings reveal that the first-instance court’s ruling primarily emphasized formal legal certainty, while the appellate court’s decision reflected an effort to reconcile legal certainty with substantive justice. Although the appellate court overturned the lower court’s judgment, it did not nullify the auction results, thereby maintaining the legal ownership of the auctioned collateral with the winning bidder. From the maqasid sharia perspective, this case highlights the critical importance of embedding Islamic economic legal values in dispute resolution processes to achieve equilibrium between procedural certainty and substantive justice in Islamic banking jurisprudence.