Analisis Yuridis Pengelolaan Dana Operasional Pengadilan Agama di Bank Konvensional dalam Perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara yuridis praktik pengelolaan dana operasional Pengadilan Agama yang disimpan dan dikelola melalui bank konvensional dilihat dari perspektif hukum ekonomi syariah. Pembahasan difokuskan pada landasan hukum dalam penentuan bank mitra, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penggunaan bank konvensional, serta penilaian terhadap kesesuaian pengelolaannya dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam dengan para informan yang memiliki kewenangan dan keterlibatan langsung dalam pengelolaan dana operasional Pengadilan Agama, selain itu juga melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan dan literatur hukum ekonomi syariah.
Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa penunjukkan bank konvensional sebagai mitra pengelolaan dana operasional merupakan kewenangan dari pimpinan satuan kerja yang dilaksanakan sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum terhadap pengelolaan keuangan negara. Keputusan tersebut didasarkan pada pertimbangan administratif dan teknis, seperti tingkat kesiapan infrastruktur perbankan, ketersediaan integrasi sistem dengan keuangan negara, tingkat kecepatan dan keamanan transaksi, serta kemudahan akses layanan. Di samping itu, hingga saat ini belum ada regulasi yang secara tegas mewajibkan penggunaan bank syariah maupun melarang pemanfaatan bank konvensional dalam pengelolaan dana operasional Pengadilan Agama.
Ditinjau dari perspektif hukum ekonomi syariah, praktik ini menunjukkan bahwa secara normatif, Pengadilan Agama dipandang perlu mencerminkan nilai-nilai syariah secara komprehensif, termasuk dalam pengelolaan keuangannya. Namun demikian, penggunaan bank konvensional dapat dipahami sebagai bentuk keringanan hukum yang berlandaskan pada prinsip kebutuhan umum (hajah ‘ammah) untuk menjamin keberlangsungan pelayanan publik serta tertib administrasi keuangan negara, selama belum tersedia lembaga perbankan syariah yang memiliki kesetaraan dari segi sistem dan infrakstruktur.

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This study examines the juridical dimensions of the management of operational funds of Religious Courts that are deposited and administered through conventional banking institutions, analyzed from the perspective of Islamic economic law. The analysis focused on the legal basis governing the selection of partner banks, the institutional and technical factors influencing the continued use of conventional banks, and the extent to which such practices align with sharia economic principles. Employing a qualitative research design with an empirical juridical approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with officials directly responsible for managing the operational funds of Religious Courts, supplemented by an extensive review of statutory instruments and authoritative literature on Islamic economic law.
The findings demonstrate that the designation of conventional banks as financial partners derives from the discretionary authority of institutional leadership and remains consistent with prevailing state financial regulations. The decision is primarily informed by pragmatic, administrative, and technical considerations, including banking infrastructure readiness, system integration with the state treasury, transactional efficiency, security standards, and accessibility of financial services. At present, Indonesian law does not explicitly require governmental institutions, including Religious Courts, to utilize Islamic banks nor does it prohibit engagement with conventional banks for operational fund management.
From the standpoint of Islamic economic law, such practices reveal a normative tension between the pursuit of administrative efficiency and the ideal of fully embodying sharia principles in institutional governance. The use of conventional banks, however, may be legally accommodated under the principle of hajah ‘ammah (public necessity), serving as a temporary legal concession (rukhsah) to preserve the continuity of public service delivery and ensure fiscal order within state financial administration. This implies the need for gradual structural alignment, encouraging Religious Courts to transition toward sharia-compliant financial systems as infrastructure parity becomes attainable.

Keywords:Religious Court, Operational Funds, Conventional Banks, Sharia Economic Law