Analisis Hukum Ekonomi Syariah pada Transaksi Jual Beli Online di Marketplace (Studi Konten di Marketplace Shopee)

Pesatnya pertumbuhan transaksi jual beli online di marketplace Shopee membawa tantangan baru dalam perlindungan hukum, di mana muncul fenomena asimetri perlindungan yang cenderung memihak pembeli (buyer-centric policy) sehingga menciptakan risiko kezaliman (zulm) bagi penjual, khususnya pelaku UMKM, yang menjadikannya urgensi utama dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenjawab rumusan masalah mengenai mekanisme operasional jual beli di Shopee yang mencakup pembentukan akad, sistem pembayaran, dan prosedur pengembalian barang, serta bagaimana perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah terhadap implementasi perlindungan bagi penjual dan pembeli pada platform tersebut. Menggunakan metode penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan yuridis-sosiologis, data dikumpulkan melalui studi konten dan dokumentasi kebijakan platform yang kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan teori akad dan prinsip Al-Tawazun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme operasional Shopee secara formal telah memenuhi rukun akad melalui skema Bai’ as-Salam dan Wakalah bi al-Ujrah dengan sistem escrowuntuk memitigasi gharar, namun secara substantif ditemukan ketimpangan pada sistem rating, garansi, dan penyelesaian sengketa otomatis yang rentan terhadap moral hazard pembeli, sehingga melanggar prinsip keseimbangan dan kerelaan (an-taradin). Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah melalui penguatan konsep "Keadilan Digital Berimbang", yang menegaskan bahwa perlindungan hukum dalam ekonomi digital harus memperhatikan hak produsen secara proporsional guna menghindari kezaliman struktural di era siber.

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The rapid growth of online buying and selling transactions on the Shopee marketplace presents new challenges in legal protection. This phenomenon, known as a buyer-centric policy, has emerged, creating the risk of injustice (zulm) for sellers, particularly MSMEs. This is the primary focus of this research. This research aims to address the problem formulation regarding the operational mechanisms of buying and selling on Shopee, including the formation of contracts, payment systems, and return procedures. It also examined the perspective of Sharia Economic Law on the implementation of protection for sellers and buyers on the platform. Using empirical legal research methods with a juridical-sociological approach, data was collected through content studies and platform policy documentation, which were then analyzed descriptively using contract theory and the principles of Al-Tawazun. The results of this study indicated that Shopee’s operational mechanisms formally fulfill the pillars of the contract through the Bai’ as-Salam and Wakalah bi al-Ujrah schemes with an escrow system to mitigate gharar. However, substantively, there are inequalities in the rating system, warranty, and automatic dispute resolution that are vulnerable to buyer moral hazard, thus violating the principle of balance and willingness (an-taradin). This research makes a significant contribution to the development of Islamic Economic Law by strengthening the concept of “Balanced Digital Justice,” which emphasizes that legal protection in the digital economy must proportionally consider producer rights to avoid structural injustice in the cyber era.